The Lorenz beam was a blind-landing radio navigation system developed by C. Lorenz AG in Berlin. The first system had been installed in 1932 at Berlin-Tempelhof Central Airport, followed by Dübendorf in Switzerland (1934) and others all over the world.[1] The Lorenz company referred to it simply as the Ultrakurzwellen-Landefunkfeuer, German for "ultra-short-wave landing radio beacon", or LFF. In the UK it was known as Standard Beam Approach (SBA).[2]
Prior to the start of the Second World War the Germans deployed the system at many Luftwaffe airfields in and outside Germany and equipped most of their bombers with the radio equipment needed to use it. It was also adapted into versions with much narrower and longer-range beams that was used to guide the bombers on missions over Britain, under the name Knickebein and X-Gerät.
Beam navigation provides a single line in space, making it useful for landing or enroute navigation, but not as a general purpose navigation system that allows the receiver to determine their location. This led to a rotating version of the same system for air navigation known as Elektra, which allowed the determination of a "fix" through timing. Further development produced a system that worked over very long distances, hundreds or thousands of kilometres, known as Sonne (or often, Elektra-Sonnen) that allowed aircraft and U-boats to take fixes far into the Atlantic. The British captured Sonne receivers and maps and started to use it for their own navigation under the name Consol.
The system began to be replaced soon after the war by modern instrument landing systems, which provide both horizontal positioning like LFF as well as vertical positioning and distance markers as well. Some LFF systems remained in use, with the longest-lived at RAF Ternhill not going out of service until 1960.
^For example at Essendon Airport (Australia) in November 1936, according to: The 33Mc 'Lorenz' Radio Range System
^Walter Blanchard, "Hyperbolic Airborne Radio Navigation Aids", The Journal of Navigation, Volume 44 Number 3, September 1991
The Lorenzbeam was a blind-landing radio navigation system developed by C. Lorenz AG in Berlin. The first system had been installed in 1932 at Berlin-Tempelhof...
were not carried out, since Spain was treated as a neutral country. The Lorenzbeam was also eventually used by the British and Americans. Spain during World...
landing systems were developed between the 1920s and 1940s, notably the Lorenzbeam which saw relatively wide use in Europe prior to World War II. The US-developed...
30 MHz having Lorenz characteristics and, if they found any, to determine their bearing. The flight took off and eventually flew into the beam from Kleve...
all of these roles, the system was generically known simply as a "Lorenzbeam". Lorenz was an early predecessor to the modern Instrument Landing System...
which became known as the Battle of the Beams. Bomber crews already had some experience with the Lorenzbeam, a commercial blind-landing aid for night...
airport had also received new radio navigation equipment and was using Lorenzbeam technology to assure the safety of landings and approaches over Warsaw...
and the Hindenburg Zeppelin. His research and developments with the Lorenzbeam landing system gave birth to what is now known as ILS, Instrument Landing...
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off-center beam can be used. A balance with an off-center beam can be almost as accurate as a scale with a center beam, but the off-center beam requires...
Mk. IV and was essentially a UK version of the German Lorenzbeam system. Lorenz, or Standard Beam Approach as it was known in the UK, used a single transmitter...
the pre-war era, notably the US Diamond-Dunmore system and the German Lorenzbeam concepts. Both relied, to some degree, on the voice radios in the aircraft...
used by Imperial Airways as a freighter, mailplane, and for testing Lorenzbeam. The Vellox crashed shortly after takeoff from Croydon Airport in August...
landing system known as Standard Beam Approach, an adaptation of a pre-war German system known as a Lorenzbeam. Lorenz, and Standard, used two radio transmissions...
Brisbane, capable of 24-hour operations, with facilities including a Lorenzbeam installation to aid radio navigation. The local council began lobbying...
(demonstration) Interactive Java applet on the magnetic deflection of a particle beam in a homogeneous magnetic field Archived 2011-08-13 at the Wayback Machine...
see Conservative force § Mathematical description. For example, in the Lorenz gauge, the electric potential is a retarded potential, which propagates...
Land Filippo Tommaso Marinetti Max More Nietzsche Julian Savulescu Stefan Lorenz Sorgner Herbert Spencer Thus Spoke Zarathustra (1883) The Will to Power...
1934 based on work done by Lorenz. The initial work was to develop their ILS system but further work investigated how far a beam of this frequency could...
"Chaotic signatures of photoconductive Cu 2ZnSnS 4 nanostructures explored by Lorenz attractors". New Journal of Physics. 20 (2): 023048. Bibcode:2018NJPh.....
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