Force acting on charged particles in electric and magnetic fields
Lorentz force acting on fast-moving charged particles in a bubble chamber. Positive and negative charge trajectories curve in opposite directions.
In physics, specifically in electromagnetism, the Lorentz force (or electromagnetic force) is the combination of electric and magnetic force on a point charge due to electromagnetic fields. A particle of charge q moving with a velocity v in an electric field E and a magnetic field B experiences a force (in SI units[1][2]) of
It says that the electromagnetic force on a charge q is a combination of (1) a force in the direction of the electric field E (proportional to the magnitude of the field and the quantity of charge), and (2) a force at right angles to both the magnetic field B and the velocity v of the charge (proportional to the magnitude of the field, the charge, and the velocity).
Variations on this basic formula describe the magnetic force on a current-carrying wire (sometimes called Laplace force), the electromotive force in a wire loop moving through a magnetic field (an aspect of Faraday's law of induction), and the force on a moving charged particle.[3]
Historians suggest that the law is implicit in a paper by James Clerk Maxwell, published in 1865.[4] Hendrik Lorentz arrived at a complete derivation in 1895,[5] identifying the contribution of the electric force a few years after Oliver Heaviside correctly identified the contribution of the magnetic force.[6]
^In SI units, B is measured in teslas (symbol: T). In Gaussian-cgs units, B is measured in gauss (symbol: G). See e.g. "Geomagnetism Frequently Asked Questions". National Geophysical Data Center. Retrieved 21 October 2013.)
^The H-field is measured in amperes per metre (A/m) in SI units, and in oersteds (Oe) in cgs units. "International system of units (SI)". NIST reference on constants, units, and uncertainty. National Institute of Standards and Technology. 12 April 2010. Retrieved 9 May 2012.
^Huray, Paul G. (2009-11-16). Maxwell's Equations. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-470-54276-7.
^Cite error: The named reference Huray was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference Dahl was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference Nahin was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
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