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List of valid argument forms information


Of the many and varied argument forms that can possibly be constructed, only very few are valid argument forms. In order to evaluate these forms, statements are put into logical form. Logical form replaces any sentences or ideas with letters to remove any bias from content and allow one to evaluate the argument without any bias due to its subject matter.[1]

Being a valid argument does not necessarily mean the conclusion will be true. It is valid because if the premises are true, then the conclusion has to be true. This can be proven for any valid argument form using a truth table which shows that there is no situation in which there are all true premises and a false conclusion.[2]

  1. ^ May, Robert (1993). Logical form: its structure and derivation. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press.
  2. ^ Stanley, Jason (30 August 2000). "Context and Logical Form". Linguistics and Philosophy. 23 (4): 391–434. doi:10.1023/A:1005599312747. S2CID 50570399.

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List of valid argument forms

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Of the many and varied argument forms that can possibly be constructed, only very few are valid argument forms. In order to evaluate these forms, statements...

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Logical form

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philosophy of language Analytic–synthetic distinction – Semantic distinction in philosophy List of valid argument forms The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy...

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Argument

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study of the forms of reasoning in arguments and the development of standards and criteria to evaluate arguments. Deductive arguments can be valid, and...

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Logic

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inference according to which all arguments of the form "(1) p, (2) if p then q, (3) therefore q" are valid, independent of what the terms p and q stand for...

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Deductive reasoning

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deductively valid. An argument is sound if it is valid and all its premises are true. Some theorists define deduction in terms of the intentions of the author:...

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Argument from authority

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verecundiam, is a form of argument in which the opinion of an influential figure is used as evidence to support an argument. The argument from authority...

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Christological argument

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The Christological argument for the existence of God, which exists in several forms, holds that if certain claims about Jesus are valid, one should accept...

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Soundness

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In logic and deductive reasoning, an argument is sound if it is both valid in form and its premises are true. Soundness has a related meaning in mathematical...

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Logical reasoning

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Such an argument is called a valid argument, for example: all men are mortal; Socrates is a man; therefore, Socrates is mortal. For valid arguments, it is...

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Fallacy

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reasoning other than an improper logical form. Arguments containing informal fallacies may be formally valid, but still fallacious. A special case is...

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Ontological argument

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ontological argument is a philosophical argument, made from an ontological basis, that is advanced in support of the existence of God. Such arguments tend to...

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Argumentation scheme

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In argumentation theory, an argumentation scheme or argument scheme is a template that represents a common type of argument used in ordinary conversation...

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Denying the antecedent

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valid if the argument instantiates some other valid form. For example, if the claims P and Q express the same proposition, then the argument would be trivially...

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List of fallacies

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use of invalid or otherwise faulty reasoning in the construction of an argument. All forms of human communication can contain fallacies. Because of their...

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Existence of God

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existence of God is a subject of debate in theology and the philosophy of religion. A wide variety of arguments for and against the existence of God can...

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Syllogism

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(minor premise), we may validly conclude that Socrates is mortal. Syllogistic arguments are usually represented in a three-line form: All men are mortal....

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Argument from reason

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The argument from reason is a transcendental argument against metaphysical naturalism and for the existence of God (or at least a supernatural being that...

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Formal fallacy

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may not affect the truth of the conclusion, since validity and truth are separate in formal logic. While a logical argument is a non sequitur if, and...

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Affirming the consequent

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consequent, is called modus tollens and is a valid form of argument. Affirming the consequent is the action of taking a true statement P → Q {\displaystyle...

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Argumentation theory

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parties and the prosecutor, in presenting and testing the validity of evidences. Also, argumentation scholars study the post hoc rationalizations by which...

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Rogerian argument

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have stated one's own position, emphasizing what is strong or valid in the other's argument. To this principle, Rapoport added other principles that are...

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Teleological argument

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teleological argument (from τέλος, telos, 'end, aim, goal'; also known as physico-theological argument, argument from design, or intelligent design argument) is...

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Appeal to consequences

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bad, or right or wrong) instead of its truth value. Therefore, an argument based on appeal to consequences is valid in long-term decision making (which...

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Argument of a function

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In mathematics, an argument of a function is a value provided to obtain the function's result. It is also called an independent variable. For example...

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Informal fallacy

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fallacies are a type of incorrect argument in natural language. The source of the error is not just due to the form of the argument, as is the case for...

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Ad hominem

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target's own beliefs and arguments against them, while not agreeing with the validity of those beliefs and arguments. Ad hominem arguments were first studied...

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All horses are the same color

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above proof has a logical link broken. The proof forms a falsidical paradox; it seems to show by valid reasoning something that is manifestly false, but...

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Argument from ignorance

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Argument from ignorance (from Latin: argumentum ad ignorantiam), also known as appeal to ignorance (in which ignorance represents "a lack of contrary evidence")...

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