Global InformationList of histologic stains that aid in diagnosis of cutaneous conditions information
A number of histologic stains are used in the field of dermatology that aid in the diagnosis of conditions of or affecting the human integumentary system.
| Stain | Cell, material, and/or structure(s) stained | Condition(s) in which stain is positive |
|---|---|---|
| Actin-specific enolase | Infantile digital fibromatosis | |
| AE1/AE3 | Squamous cell carcinoma | |
| Alcian blue | Lipoid proteinosis Papular mucinosis Scleredema Pretibial myxedema Mucopolysaccharidoses | |
| Alizarin red | Calcinosis cutis | |
| Azure A | Mast cell | Mastocytosis |
| Bcl-2 | Basal cell carcinoma Primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma leg type | |
| Bcl-6 | Primary cutaneous follicular lymphoma | |
| BerEp4 | Desmoplastic trichoepithelioma Basal cell carcinoma | |
| Brown–Brenn | Eumycotic mycetoma | |
| CAM 5.2 | Merkel cell carcinoma | |
| CCR7 | Melanoma | |
| Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) | Eccrine gland | Extramammary Paget's disease Microcystic adnexal carcinoma Eccrine poroma |
| CD1a | Langerhans cell | Langerhans cell histiocytosis Indeterminate cell histiocytosis |
| CD4 | Mycosis fungoides Sézary syndrome | |
| CD5 | Chronic lymphocytic leukemia | |
| CD8 | Pagetoid reticulosis | |
| CD10 | Renal cell carcinoma | |
| CD15 | Hodgkin's disease | |
| CD20 | Primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma Primary cutaneous follicular lymphoma Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma leg type | |
| CD30 (Ki-1) | Lymphomatoid papulosis Primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma Eosinophilic ulcer of the oral mucosa Hodgkin's disease | |
| CD31 | Endothelial cell | Kaposi's sarcoma Angiosarcoma Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma |
| CD34 | Dermal dendritic cell | Desmoplastic trichoepithelioma Spindle cell lipoma Angiosarcoma Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans Atypical fibroxanthoma Pleomorphic fibroma Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma |
| CD38 | Plasma cell | Multiple myeloma Plasmablastic lymphoma Pagetoid reticulosis |
| CD44 | Merkel cell carcinoma | |
| CD56 | Extranodal natural killer cell lymphoma Merkel cell carcinoma | |
| CD68 | Benign cephalic histiocytosis Generalized eruptive histiocytosis Indeterminate cell histiocytosis Juvenile xanthogranuloma Necrobiotic xanthogranuloma Giant cell reticulohistiocytoma Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis Xanthoma disseminatum Rosai–Dorfman disease Atypical fibroxanthoma Melanoma | |
| CD79a | Primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma Primary cutaneous follicular lymphoma Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma leg type | |
| CD117 | Mast cell | Mastocytosis |
| CD138 | Plasma cell | Multiple myeloma Plasmablastic lymphoma |
| CD207 (Langerin) | Langerhans cell | Langerhans cell histiocytosis |
| Chloracetate esterase (Leder) | Mast cell | Mastocytosis |
| Chromogranin A | Merkel cell carcinoma | |
| Cystokeratin 7 | Paget's disease (breast and extramammary) | |
| Cytokeratin 20 | Extramammary Paget's disease of endodermal origin Merkel cell carcinoma | |
| Colloidal iron | Papular mucinosis Scleredema Pretibial myxedema | |
| Congo red | Amyloidosis Colloid milium | |
| Crystal violet | Amyloidosis Colloid milium | |
| D2-40 | Lymphangioma circumscriptum | |
| de Galantha | Pseudogout | |
| Dylon | Amyloidosis | |
| Epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) | Eccrine gland Sebaceous gland |
Paget's disease extramammary Paget's disease Microcystic adnexal carcinoma Sebaceous carcinoma Renal cell carcinoma Schwannoma |
| Factor VIII | Dabska-type hemangioendothelioma Angiosarcoma | |
| Factor XIII | Cutaneous focal mucinosis | |
| Factor XIIIa | Dermal dendritic cell | Dermatofibroma Epithelioid cell histiocytoma |
| Fite | Leprosy Nocardiosis[nb 1] | |
| Fontana-Masson | Cryptococcus neoformans | Cryptococcus |
| Giemsa | Mast cell | Mastocytosis Mucopolysaccharidoses |
| Gomori methenamine silver | Histoplasma capsulatum Blastomyces dermatitidis Coccidioides immitis Paracoccidioides brasiliensis |
Histoplasmosis Blastomycosis Coccidioidomycosis Paracoccidioidomycosis |
| Gross cystic disease fluid protein 15 (GCDFP-15) | Apocrine gland | Extramammary Paget's disease of cutaneous origin |
| HAM56 | Histiocyte | Dermatofibroma |
| HMB45 | Gp100 (pmel17, silver protein) | Melanoma[nb 2] |
| India | Cryptococcus neoformans | Cryptococcus |
| KP-1 | Histiocyte | Dermatofibroma |
| LYVE-1 | Kaposi's sarcoma | |
| MAC387 | Histiocyte | |
| MART-1 (MART-1) | Melanoma | |
| Masson's trichrome | Infantile digital fibromatosis | |
| Mel-5 | TYRP1 | Melanoma |
| Methylene blue | Mast cell | Mastocytosis Ochronosis |
| MIB-1 | Melanoma | |
| Muscle-specific actin | Glomus tumor Dermatofibroma Infantile myofibromatosis | |
| Neurofilament | Neurofibroma | |
| Neuro-specific enolase | Merkel cell carcinoma | |
| Non-aqueous alcoholic eosin stain (NAES) | Pseudogout | |
| Oil red O | Sebaceous carcinoma Angiokeratoma corporis diffusum Subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn | |
| Peanut agglutinin | Basal cell carcinoma | |
| Phosphotungsten acid-hematoxylin (PTAH) | Infantile digital fibromatosis | |
| Pogoda red | Amyloidosis | |
| Protein gene product 9.5 (PGP9.5) | Nerve sheath myxoma | |
| Silver nitrate | Urate crystal | Gout |
| Sirius red | Amyloidosis | |
| Smooth muscle actin (SMA) | Angiomyxoma Leiomyosarcoma | |
| SOX10 | Neuroectodermal neoplasms of neural crest origin, especially:[1]
| |
| Sudan IV | Leprosy | |
| Sudan black | Sebaceous carcinoma | |
| Synaptophysin | Merkel cell carcinoma | |
| S100 | Melanocyte Langerhans cell Schwann cell Chondrocyte Adipocyte Eccrine gland |
Langerhans cell histiocytosis Indeterminate cell histiocytosis Schwannoma Neurofibroma Nerve sheath myxoma (Cellular neurothekeoma) Extraskeletal chondroma |
| Thioflavin T | Amyloidosis Colloid milium | |
| Toluidine blue | Mast cell | Mastocytosis Mucopolysaccharidoses Papular mucinosis Scleredema Pretibial myxedema |
| Tryptase | Mast cell | Mastocytosis |
| Tyrosinase | Tyrosinase | Melanoma |
| Ulex eropaeus agglutinin | Dabska-type hemangioendothelioma | |
| VEGF-3 | Dabska-type hemangioendothelioma | |
| VEGFR-3 | Kaposi's sarcoma | |
| Verhoeff van Gieson | Collagen Elastin |
Elastosis perforans serpiginosa Acquired perforating dermatosis Perforating periumbilical calcific elastosis Pseudoxanthoma elasticum |
| Vimentin | Non-specific mesenchymal components | Melanoma Glomus tumor Dermatofibroma Pleomorphic fibroma of the skin Epithelioid cell histiocytoma |
| von Kossa | Calcium | Calcinosis cutis Pseudoxanthoma elasticum |
| Wade | Leprosy | |
| Wright | Blood cells | Transient neonatal pustular melanosis[nb 3] Erythema toxicum neonatorum[nb 4]> Granuloma inguinale |
| Ziehl–Neelsen_stain | Leprosy[nb 1] |
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- ^ Nat Pernick. "Stains - SOX10". Pathology Outlines. Topic Completed: 1 February 2014. Revised: 20 September 2019