This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. (January 2019)
Part of a series on
Water salinity
Salinity levels
Fresh water (< 0.05%) Brackish water (0.05–3%) Saline water (3–5%) Brine (> 5% up to 26%–28% max)
Bodies of water
Seawater
Salt lake
Hypersaline lake
Salt pan
Brine pool
Bodies by salinity
v
t
e
This is a list of bodies of water by salinity that is limited to natural bodies of water that have a stable salinity above 0.05%, at or below which water is considered fresh.
Water salinity often varies by location and season, particularly with hypersaline lakes in arid areas, so the salinity figures in the table below should be interpreted as an approximate indicator.
Salinity, g/100 g (%)
Name
Type
Region or countries
Refs
20.0–50.0
Lake Elton
salt lake
Astrakhan Oblast, Russia
[1]
43.3
Gaet'ale Pond
salt lake
Ethiopia
[2][3]
40.0
Lake Retba
salt lake
Senegal
[citation needed]
35.0
Garabogazköl
lagoon
Turkmenistan
[4]
34.8
Lake Assal
salt lake
Djibouti
[5]
33.8
Don Juan Pond
salt lake
Antarctica
[6]
33.7
Dead Sea
salt lake
Israel, Jordan, West Bank
[7]
32.4
Lake Tuz (Tuz Gölü)
salt lake
Turkey
[8]
31.7
Great Salt Lake, North Arm
salt lake
Great Basin, Utah, United States
[9]
30.0
Lake Baskunchak
salt lake
Astrakhan Oblast, Russia
[10]
30.0
Lake Sărat
salt lake
Brăila, Romania
[11][12]
8.50–28.0
Lake Urmia
salt lake
Iran
[13]
27.0
Deep Lake
salt lake
Antarctica
[14]
18.0
Little Manitou Lake
salt lake
Canada
[15]
15.3
Lake Pikrolimni
salt lake
Greece
[16]
0.00–14.6
Lake Vanda
meromictic lake
Antarctica
[17]
14.2
Great Salt Lake, South Arm
salt lake
Great Basin, Utah, United States
[9]
12.0
Lake Abert
salt lake
Great Basin, Oregon, United States
[18]
9.50
Lake Techirghiol
salt lake
Romania
[19]
8.80
Mono Lake
salt lake
Great Basin, California, United States
[20](as of 2015)
6.60
Hamelin Pool
lagoon
Australia
[21]
4.40
Salton Sea
salt lake
Great Basin, California, United States
[22]
4.10–4.50
Great Bitter Lake
salt lake
Egypt
[23]
3.80
Mediterranean Sea
mediterranean sea
Southern Europe, Levant, North Africa
[24]
3.60–4.10
Red Sea
mediterranean sea
Egypt, Sudan, Arabian Peninsula, Horn of Africa
[25]
3.00–4.00
Lake Natron
salt lake
Tanzania
[26]
3.40–3.60
World Ocean
ocean
Worldwide
[27]
3.50+
Lake Eyre
endorheic lake
Australia
[28][n 1]
3.40
Lough Hyne
marine lake
Republic of Ireland
[29]
2.80–3.20
Beaufort Sea
marginal sea
North of Alaska and Canada
[30]
2.20
Sea of Marmara
mediterranean sea
Between the Balkan Peninsula and the Anatolian peninsula
[31]
3.17
Chilika Lake
lagoon
India
[32]
1.30–2.30
Black Sea
mediterranean sea
Between Europe and Asia - Balkan Peninsula, Eastern Europe, Anatolia, Caucasus
^Perez, Eduardo; Chebude, Yonas (April 2017). "Chemical Analysis of Gaet'ale, a Hypersaline Pond in Danakil Depression (Ethiopia): New Record for the Most Saline Water Body on Earth". Aquatic Geochemistry. 23 (2): 109–117. doi:10.1007/s10498-017-9312-z. S2CID 132715553.
^"Guinness World Records".
^Aladin, Nicolai; Plotnikov, Igor (28 June 2004). Lake Basin Management Initiative - The Caspian Sea (PDF) (Report). p. 6. Retrieved 4 May 2018.
^Woodward, Susan L. "Saline Lakes". Biomes of the World. Radford, Virginia: Department of Geospatial Science, Radford University. Retrieved 4 May 2018.
^Hammer, U.T. (1986). Saline Lake Ecosystems of the World. Springer. p. 109. ISBN 9789061935353. Retrieved 27 March 2018.
^Goetz, P.W. (ed.) The New Encyclopædia Britannica (15th ed.). Vol. 3, p. 937. Chicago, 1986
^"Lake Tuz Special Environmental Protection Area (SEPA) - UNESCO World Heritage Centre". Unesco World Heritage Center. 2020. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
^ abWhite, James S.; Null, Sarah E.; Tarboton, David (2004). "More than Meets the Eye: Managing Salinity in Great Salt Lake, Utah" (PDF). LakeLine (Fall 2004): 25–29. Retrieved 26 April 2018.
^"Lake Urmia". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 2012. Retrieved 28 August 2012.
^Williams, Timothy J; Allen, Michelle A; DeMaere, Matthew Z; Kyrpides, Nikos C; Tringe, Susannah G; Woyke, Tanja; Cavicchioli, Ricardo (20 February 2014). "Microbial ecology of an Antarctic hypersaline lake: genomic assessment of ecophysiology among dominant haloarchaea". The ISME Journal. 8 (8). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 1645–1658. doi:10.1038/ismej.2014.18. ISSN 1751-7362. PMC 4817606. PMID 24553470.
^Little Manitou Lake. The Canadian Encyclopedia.
^Dotsika, E.; Maniatis, Y.; Tzavidopoulos, E.; Poutoukis, D.; Albanakis, K. (1 January 2004). "Hydrogeochemical Condition of the Pikrolimni Lake (Kilkis Greece)". Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece. 36 (1): 192–195. doi:10.12681/bgsg.16618.
^Schutte, C.A.; Samarkin, V.A.; Peters, B.; Madigan, M.T.; Bowles, M.; Morgan-Kiss, R.; Casciotti, K.; Joye, S. (1 March 2020). "Vertical stratification and stability of biogeochemical processes in the deep saline waters of Lake Vanda, Antarctica". Limnology and Oceanography. 65 (3): 569–581. doi:10.1002/lno.11327.
^Solute Balance at Abert and Summer Lakes, South-Central Oregon
^"Lacul Techirghiol".
^Willever, Katherine (1 August 2016). Biogeochemistry of a Saline, Alkaline, Terminal Lake Ecosystem in Transition; Walker Lake, Nevada. UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones (Thesis). doi:10.34917/9302977.
^Suosaari, Erica; Reid, Pamela; Playford, Phillip; et al. (2016). "New multi-scale perspectives on the stromatolites of Shark Bay, Western Australia". Scientific Reports. 6 (20557): 20557. Bibcode:2016NatSR...620557S. doi:10.1038/srep20557. PMC 4738353. PMID 26838605.
^"The Salton Sea". The Salton Sea Authority. October 1997.
^El-Serehy, Hamed A.; Abdallah, Hala S.; Al-Misned, Fahad A.; Irshad, Rizwan; Al-Farraj, Saleh A.; Almalki, Esam S. (2018). "Aquatic ecosystem health and trophic status classification of the Bitter Lakes along the main connecting link between the Red Sea and the Mediterranean". Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences. 25 (2): 204–212. doi:10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.12.004. ISSN 1319-562X. PMC 5816010. PMID 29472766.
^"Ocean salinity". Science Learning Hub. Retrieved 2 July 2017.
^A. Anati, David (March 1999). "The salinity of hypersaline brines: Concepts and misconceptions". International Journal of Salt Lake Research. 8: 55–70. doi:10.1023/A:1009059827435.
^The Biology and Culture of Tilapias: Proceedings of the International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management, p.38
^"Ocean salinity".
^"Floods of Lake Eyre". k26press.
^"Nutrient and Ecosystem Dynamics in Ireland's Only Marine Nature Reserve (NEIDIN)" (PDF).
^"Beaufort Sea". Great Soviet Encyclopedia (in Russian).
^"Sea of Marmara". 25 March 2021.
^Indian Journal of Marine Sciences - Variation of Water Quality of Chilika Lake, Orissa
^Black Sea - Encyclopedia of Ukraine
^Yama, Tomonaga (22 March 2017). "Porewater salinity reveals past lake-level changes in Lake Van, the Earth's largest soda lake". Scientific Reports. 7 (7): 313. Bibcode:2017NatSR...7..313T. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-00371-w. PMC 5428207. PMID 28331216.
^Zhang, Renyi; Ludwig, Arne; Zhang, Cunfang; Tong, Chao; Li, Guogang; Tang, Yongtao; Peng, Zuogang; Zhao, Kai (6 May 2015). "Local adaptation of Gymnocypris przewalskii (Cyprinidae) on the Tibetan Plateau". Scientific Reports. 5 (1): 9780. Bibcode:2015NatSR...5E9780Z. doi:10.1038/srep09780. PMC 4421831. PMID 25944748.
^Lake Basin Management Initiative - The Caspian Sea (2004)
^Orlovsky, Leah; Matsrafi, Offir; Orlovsky, Nikolai; Kouznetsov, Michael (2014). "Sarykamysh Lake: Collector of Drainage Water – the Past, the Present, and the Future". The Turkmen Lake Altyn Asyr and Water Resources in Turkmenistan. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry. Vol. 28. Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag. pp. 107–140. doi:10.1007/698_2012_191. ISBN 978-3-642-38606-0.
^"Climatological Atlas of the Sea of Azov". National Oceanographic Data Centre. Retrieved 6 January 2008.
^Kosarev, Andrey G.; Kostianoy, Aleksey N. (2007). The Black Sea Environment. Springer. ISBN 978-3-540-74291-3.
^Long Term Temperature & Salinity Records from the Baltic Sea Transition Zone
^Facts about Kyrgyzstan (in Russian)
Cite error: There are <ref group=n> tags on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=n}} template (see the help page).
and 29 Related for: List of bodies of water by salinity information
Portugal The Reversing Falls of the Saint John River, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada. Listofbodiesofwaterbysalinity Last, William M.; Slezak, Laurie...
Salinity (/səˈlɪnɪti/) is the saltiness or amount of salt dissolved in a bodyofwater, called salinewater (see also soil salinity). It is usually measured...
created through construction. Bodiesofwater that are navigable are known as waterways. Some bodiesofwater collect and move water, such as rivers and streams...
Water with a salt concentration greater than 30‰ is considered saline. See the salinity table from the Wikipedia salinity article. Brackish water condition...
ocean is the bodyof salt water that covers ~70.8% of the Earth. In English, the term ocean also refers to any of the large bodiesofwater into which the...
A salt lake or saline lake is a landlocked bodyofwater that has a concentration of salts (typically sodium chloride) and other dissolved minerals significantly...
Seawater, or sea water, is water from a sea or ocean. On average, seawater in the world's oceans has a salinityof about 3.5% (35 g/L, 35 ppt, 600 mM)...
shallow, landlocked, highly salinebodyofwater in Riverside and Imperial counties at the southern end of the U.S. state of California. It lies on the...
Soil salinity and dryland salinity are two problems degrading the environment of Australia. Salinity is a concern in most states, but especially in the...
Messinian salinity crisis (MSC); the Rifian or possibly both gateways closed during the earlier Tortonian times, causing a "Tortonian salinity crisis" (from...
completed in 2005. By 2008, the water level had risen 12 m (39 ft) above that of 2003, to 42 m (138 ft). As of 2013[update], salinity dropped, and fish...
The amount of cysts and the quality are affected by several factors, but salinity is most important. The cysts will hatch at 2 to 3% salinity, but the greatest...
different factors, such as the desalination technology used, salinity and quality of the water used, environmental and oceanographic characteristics, desalination...
single bodyofwater. The Caspian Sea is conventionally considered the world's largest lake, but it is centered on an oceanic basin (a fragment of the ancient...
brine lake, is a volume of brine collected in a seafloor depression. These pools are dense bodiesofwater that have a salinity that is typically three...
limited exchange ofwater with outer oceans and whose water circulation is dominated bysalinity and temperature differences rather than by winds or tides...
which drain to oceans, mediterranean seas, rivers, lakes and other waterbodies. All basins larger than 400,000 km2 (150,000 sq mi) are included as well...
in the air. Sea fog, which shows up near bodiesofsalinewater, is formed as water vapor condenses on bits of salt. Fog is similar to, but less transparent...
water flow from the main bodyof the Caspian was blocked in the 1980s but has since been restored, routinely exceeds oceanic salinityby a factor of 10...
jacks The level ofsalinity in intertidal zones can also be quite variable. Low salinities can be caused by rainwater or river inputs of freshwater. Estuarine...
temperature to the freezing point, instead of reaching maximum density at a temperature above freezing. The salinityofwater in major seas varies from about 0...
that spend some or all of their lives in bodiesof fresh water such as rivers, lakes and inland wetlands, where the salinity is less than 1.05%. These...
environmental problem. For salinity control in such a case, annually an amount of drainage water is to be discharged from the aquifer by means of a subsurface drainage...
This is a listof domestic water buffalo breeds and their uses. The domestic water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) is descended from the wild water buffalo (Bubalus...
safety of storing the gas under the lake and nearby drilling operations. The former freshwater lake was turned salineby the inflow of salt water from the...