Water with salinity between freshwater and seawater
"Brackish" redirects here. For the Kittie song, see Spit (album).
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Water salinity
Salinity levels
Fresh water (< 0.05%) Brackish water (0.05–3%) Saline water (3–5%) Brine (> 5% up to 26%–28% max)
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Brackish water, sometimes termed brack water,[1][2] is water occurring in a natural environment that has more salinity than freshwater, but not as much as seawater. It may result from mixing seawater (salt water) and fresh water together, as in estuaries, or it may occur in brackish fossil aquifers. The word comes from the Middle Dutch root brak. Certain human activities can produce brackish water, in particular civil engineering projects such as dikes and the flooding of coastal marshland to produce brackish water pools for freshwater prawn farming. Brackish water is also the primary waste product of the salinity gradient power process. Because brackish water is hostile to the growth of most terrestrial plant species, without appropriate management it is damaging to the environment (see article on shrimp farms).
Technically, brackish water contains between 0.5 and 30 grams of salt per litre—more often expressed as 0.5 to 30 parts per thousand (‰), which is a specific gravity of between 1.0004 and 1.0226. Thus, brackish covers a range of salinity regimes and is not considered a precisely defined condition. It is characteristic of many brackish surface waters that their salinity can vary considerably over space or time. Water with a salt concentration greater than 30‰ is considered saline. See the salinity table from the Wikipedia salinity article.
^"What is brackish water and what effect does a high concentration of ammonia have?". The Laboratory People. 15 June 2012. Retrieved 21 November 2020.
^Klaassen, K.; Bormann, H.; Klenke, T.; Liebezeit, G. (2008). "The impact of hydrodynamics and texture on the infiltration of rain and marine waters into sand bank island sediments — Aspects of infiltration and groundwater dynamics". Senckenbergiana Maritima. 38 (2). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 163–171. doi:10.1007/bf03055293. ISSN 0080-889X. S2CID 6229273.
Brackishwater, sometimes termed brack water, is water occurring in a natural environment that has more salinity than freshwater, but not as much as seawater...
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of the country's drinkable water was produced through desalination of saltwater and brackishwater. The main natural water resources of Israel are: The...
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of salts from an aqueous solution to obtain fresh water from a source of seawater or brackishwater; and in turn, a discharge is generated, commonly called...
from the Western Atlantic Brackishwater refers to aquatic environments that have a salinity in between salt and fresh water systems. Cleaning symbiosis...
conditions. RO requires pressure between 2–17 bar (30–250 psi) for fresh and brackishwater, and 40–82 bar (600–1200 psi) for seawater. Seawater has around 27 bar...
and sediment delivery ratio. Brackishwater occurs in most rivers where they meet the sea. The extent of brackishwater may extend a significant distance...
Zealand List of fjords of the United States List of straits List of brackish bodies of water Lists of lagoons Reservoirs List of reservoirs by surface area...
sodium chloride) in either solid form or in solution (saline water, including brine, brackishwater, or seawater). Salt poisoning sufficient to produce severe...
streams, ponds, rivers, and lakes, and less commonly found living in brackishwater. Historically, they have been of major importance in artisanal fishing...
tanks. Brackishwater aquaria combine elements of the other types, with salinity that must stay between that of freshwater and seawater. Brackishwater fish...
Brackish marshes develop from salt marshes where a significant freshwater influx dilutes the seawater to brackish levels of salinity. This commonly happens...
several species of small turtle (order Testudines) living in fresh or brackishwater. Terrapins do not form a taxonomic unit and may not be closely related...
Lake Vouliagmeni ("Sunken Lake") is a small brackish-water lake fed by underground currents seeping through the mass of Mount Hymettus located to the south...
rocky, mountain streams. It is also found in brackish-water habitats and is sometimes seen swimming in salt water. It has been much more successful at colonizing...
precipitates onto brackishwater membranes, a phenomenon known as mineral salt scaling, such as during brackishwater desalination of water with high concentrations...
An estuary is a partially enclosed coastal body of brackishwater with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it, and with a free connection to the...
shoreline), marshy lake, wetland, or creek. They typically contain brackishwater highly conducive to fish life and plankton. Bayous are commonly found...
Pulicat Lake (பழவேற்காடு) is the second largest brackishwater lagoon in India, (after Chilika Lake), measuring 759 square kilometres (293 sq mi). A major...
natural. Two lakes in the top 100 are primarily salt water, and two are primarily brackishwater. Lakes portal United States portal List of lakes of the...
be called sea snails is not always easy. Some species that live in brackishwater (such as certain neritids) can be listed as either freshwater snails...
marine waters, but several will enter brackishwater, and some in South America are restricted to fresh water. More than 140 species are placed in 17...
California brackishwater snail, also known as the mimic tryonia, scientific name Tryonia imitator, is a species of very small brackishwater snail that...
the family includes some of the very few amphibians that can live in brackishwater. The Ranidae are related to several other frog families that have Eurasian...
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