These craters mark the formation of brine pools where salt has seeped through the sea floor and encrusted the nearby substrate.NOAA rendering of a brine pool in the Gulf of MexicoChimaeridae fish and seep mussels at edge of brine pool
A brine pool, sometimes called an underwater lake, deepwater or brine lake, is a volume of brine collected in a seafloor depression. These pools are dense bodies of water that have a salinity that is typically three to eight times greater than the surrounding ocean. Brine pools are commonly found below polar sea ice and in the deep ocean. Those below sea ice form through a process called brine rejection.[1] For deep-sea brine pools, salt is necessary to increase the salinity gradient. The salt can come from one of two processes: the dissolution of large salt deposits through salt tectonics[2] or geothermally-heated brine issued from tectonic spreading centers.[3]
The brine often contains high concentrations of hydrogen sulfide and methane, which provide energy to chemosynthetic organisms that live near the pool. These creatures are often extremophiles and symbionts.[4][5] Deep-sea and polar brine pools are toxic to marine animals due to their high salinity and anoxic properties,[1] which can ultimately lead to toxic shock and possibly death.
^ abKvitek, Rikk (February 1998). "Black pools of death: Hypoxic, brine-filled ice gouge depressions become lethal traps for benthic organisms in a shallow Arctic embayment". Marine Ecology Progress Series. 162: 1–10. Bibcode:1998MEPS..162....1K. doi:10.3354/meps162001 – via ResearchGate.
^"NOAA Ocean Explorer: Gulf of Mexico 2002". oceanexplorer.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2020-09-28.
^Salem, Mohamed (2017-06-01). "Study of Conrad and Shaban deep brines, Red Sea, using bathymetric, parasound and seismic surveys". NRIAG Journal of Astronomy and Geophysics. 6 (1): 90–96. Bibcode:2017JAsGe...6...90S. doi:10.1016/j.nrjag.2017.04.003. S2CID 132353952.
^Extremophile life near brine pools Archived November 10, 2006, at the Wayback Machine
^Eder, W; Jahnke, LL; Schmidt, M; Huber, R (July 2001). "Microbial diversity of the brine-seawater interface of the Kebrit Deep, Red Sea, studied via 16S rRNA gene sequences and cultivation methods". Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 67 (7): 3077–85. Bibcode:2001ApEnM..67.3077E. doi:10.1128/AEM.67.7.3077-3085.2001. PMC 92984. PMID 11425725.
A brinepool, sometimes called an underwater lake, deepwater or brine lake, is a volume of brine collected in a seafloor depression. These pools are dense...
Brine (or briny water) is water with a high-concentration solution of salt (typically sodium chloride or calcium chloride). In diverse contexts, brine...
by a camel train on Lake Karum in Ethiopia. Lakes portal Brinepool – Accumulation of brine in a seafloor depression Halocline – Stratification of a body...
layers of the brinepool, including the overlying brine seawater, the brine-water interface, the brine-pool sediments, and direct brine waters. As a result...
salinity drops to only slightly higher than that of the ocean. Brinepool – Accumulation of brine in a seafloor depression Halocline – Stratification of a body...
known for its square shape and halophilic nature. First discovered in a brinepool in the Sinai peninsula of Egypt, H. walsbyi is noted for its flat, square-shaped...
scale, saline water is saltier than brackish water, but less salty than brine. The salt concentration is usually expressed in parts per thousand (permille...
swimming pool inaugurated in 1883, where the open-air brinepool is still in use, and the Brine Baths Hotel, standing in 70 acres (28 ha) of parkland...
water, from which salts crystallize (or are about to), is referred to as brine. Salinity is an ecological factor of considerable importance, influencing...
sulfide, methane, and other hydrocarbons occurs, often in the form of a brinepool. Cold does not mean that the temperature of the seepage is lower than...
a brinepool may be created. However, unlike brine pools created by cold seeps, brinicle brine pools are likely to be very transient as the brine supply...
only in salt water, has self-sustaining populations in the lake. Anchialine pool – Landlocked body of water with underground connection to the seaPages displaying...
with salinity. Brines generated by seawater desalination plants can have salinities up to 120 g/kg. The density of typical seawater brine of 120 g/kg salinity...
2 July 2017. A. Anati, David (March 1999). "The salinity of hypersaline brines: Concepts and misconceptions". International Journal of Salt Lake Research...
disaster in the Red Sea. The brine pools Red Sea have been extensive studied in terms of their microbial life. The Red Sea brinepool microbiology is characterized...
05–3%) Saline water (3–5%) Brine (> 5% up to 26%–28% max) Bodies of water Seawater Salt lake Hypersaline lake Salt pan Brinepool Bodies by salinity v t e...
Bank north of the Yucatan Peninsula. The Orca Basin is a distinctive brinepool on the Louisiana continental shelf. One of the many salt domes derived...
Anchialine poolBrinepool Infinity pool Natural pool Plunge pool Reflecting pool Spent fuel pool Stream pool Swimming pool Tide pool Vernal pool Puddles...
is designed for relaxation. There is a thermal pool with jacuzzi and hydromassage, a spa, a sulfur pool and "Dead Sea" saltwater pools. There is also a...
amongst the mini-basins in this area, in containing a large brinepool of anoxic salt brine. The pool is approximately 123 km2 (47 sq mi) in area and up to...
Mexico. In 2014, Erik Cordes of Temple University and others discovered a brinepool 3,300 feet (1,000 m) below the gulf's surface, with a circumference of...
and other hydrocarbon-rich fluid seepage occurs, often in the form of a brinepool. Constitutes a biome supporting several endemic species. More commonly...
A sea ice brine pocket is an area of fluid sea water with a high salt concentration trapped in sea ice as it freezes. Due to the nature of their formation...
first discovered in 1980 by A.E. Walsby in the Gavish Sabkha, a coastal brinepool in the Sinai peninsula, Egypt, and formally described by Burns et al....
A pond is a small, still, land-based body of water formed by pooling inside a depression, either naturally or artificially. A pond is smaller than a lake...
Haloarcula quadrata is a species of archaea discovered in a brinepool in the Sinai peninsula of Egypt. It was one of the first strains of prokaryotes...
portal Abiogenesis – Life arising from non-living matter Brinepool – Accumulation of brine in a seafloor depression Endeavour Hydrothermal Vents – Group...
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