Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) is a major constituent of the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria. These organisms have an inner (or cytoplasmic) membrane and, external to it, a thick (up to 80 nanometer) peptidoglycan layer. The structure of LTA varies between the different species of gram-positive bacteria and may contain long chains of ribitol or glycerol phosphate. LTA is anchored to the cell membrane via a diacylglycerol.[1] It acts as regulator of autolytic wall enzymes (muramidases). It has antigenic properties being able to stimulate specific immune response.
Structure of the lipoteichoic acid polymer
LTA may bind to target cells non-specifically through membrane phospholipids, or specifically to CD14 and to Toll-like receptors. Binding to TLR-2 has shown to induce NF-κB expression(a central transcription factor), elevating expression of both pro- and anti-apoptotic genes. Its activation also induces mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) activation along with phosphoinositide 3-kinase activation.
^KP Talaro Foundations in Microbiology, McGraw Hill 6thEd.
Lipoteichoicacid (LTA) is a major constituent of the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria. These organisms have an inner (or cytoplasmic) membrane and...
Teichoic acid's chemical signal is CH17P4O29NOH. Teichoic acids that are anchored to the lipid membrane are referred to as lipoteichoicacids (LTAs), whereas...
combination with conventional therapies to treat ulcerative colitis. Lipoteichoicacid from the cell wall of a heat killed Lacticaseibacillus paracasei D3-5...
than air, sometimes used in ballooning as in an "LTA pilot license" Lipoteichoicacid Lymphotoxin alpha Lambda Theta Alpha, Latin Sorority, Incorporated...
and lipoteichoicacid. (Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a bacterial endotoxin which is found in the cell wall gram-negative bacteria, whereas lipoteichoic acid...
bring damage to the host. Bacteria produce various adhesins including lipoteichoicacid, trimeric autotransporter adhesins and a wide variety of other surface...
keratinocytes toward this pathogen. S. epidermidis produces molecules such as lipoteichoicacid (LTA), cell wall polysaccharides, peptidoglycan and aldehyde dipeptides...
endothelial cells. This adhesion is also enhanced by the fatty acids in the lipoteichoicacid of the B. longum cell wall. B. longum is considered to be a...
also recognizes other pathogen-associated molecular patterns such as lipoteichoicacid. Cluster of differentiation CD14 is a receptor for a very wide range...
such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS, otherwise known as endotoxin) or lipoteichoicacid (LTA), that promote an inflammatory response in the gum tissue. This...
and several factors embedded in the cell wall, including M protein, lipoteichoicacid, and protein F (SfbI) facilitate attachment to various host cells...
(cluster of differentiation 36), also known as platelet glycoprotein 4, fatty acid translocase (FAT), scavenger receptor class B member 3 (SCARB3), and glycoproteins...
of the bacteria. Bacteriolysin probably functions by deregulating lipoteichoicacid (LTA) in Gram-positive bacteria and phospholipids in Gram-negative...
function of teichoic acid is debated and not fully understood. Some are lipid-linked to form lipoteichoicacids. Because lipoteichoicacids are covalently linked...
phosphomonoester of the teichoic acid. This lipid region anchors the polymer chain to the cytoplasmic membrane. These lipoteichoicacids resemble the lipopolysaccharides...
Gram-negative bacteria. Gram-positive bacteria has a similar component named Lipoteichoicacid, or LTA. HDL has the ability to bind LPS and LTA, creating HDL-LPS...
gram-positive bacteria may result from an immunological response to cell wall lipoteichoicacid. Bacterial exotoxins that act as superantigens also may cause sepsis...
polyalcohols called teichoic acids, some of which are lipid-linked to form lipoteichoicacids. Because lipoteichoicacids are covalently linked to lipids...
Ohga, S; Lepenies, B; van Sorge, NM; Yamasaki, S (6 November 2018). "Lipoteichoicacid anchor triggers Mincle to drive protective immunity against invasive...
acids (such as bacterial or viral DNA or RNA), bacterial peptides (flagellin, microtubule elongation factors), peptidoglycans and lipoteichoicacids (from...
Staphylococcus aureus was able to grow normally without the presence of lipoteichoicacid due to compensatory mutations. Whole genome sequencing results revealed...
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