For the album by Perfume Genius, see Learning (album).
"Learn" and "Learned" redirect here. For other uses, see Learn (disambiguation) and Learned (disambiguation).
American students learning how to make and roll sushi
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Learning is the process of acquiring new understanding, knowledge, behaviors, skills, values, attitudes, and preferences.[1] The ability to learn is possessed by humans, non-human animals, and some machines; there is also evidence for some kind of learning in certain plants.[2] Some learning is immediate, induced by a single event (e.g. being burned by a hot stove), but much skill and knowledge accumulate from repeated experiences.[3] The changes induced by learning often last a lifetime, and it is hard to distinguish learned material that seems to be "lost" from that which cannot be retrieved.[4]
Human learning starts at birth (it might even start before[5] in terms of an embryo's need for both interaction with, and freedom within its environment within the womb.[6]) and continues until death as a consequence of ongoing interactions between people and their environment. The nature and processes involved in learning are studied in many established fields (including educational psychology, neuropsychology, experimental psychology, cognitive sciences, and pedagogy), as well as emerging fields of knowledge (e.g. with a shared interest in the topic of learning from safety events such as incidents/accidents,[7] or in collaborative learning health systems[8]). Research in such fields has led to the identification of various sorts of learning. For example, learning may occur as a result of habituation, or classical conditioning, operant conditioning or as a result of more complex activities such as play, seen only in relatively intelligent animals.[9][10] Learning may occur consciously or without conscious awareness. Learning that an aversive event cannot be avoided or escaped may result in a condition called learned helplessness.[11] There is evidence for human behavioral learning prenatally, in which habituation has been observed as early as 32 weeks into gestation, indicating that the central nervous system is sufficiently developed and primed for learning and memory to occur very early on in development.[12]
Play has been approached by several theorists as a form of learning. Children experiment with the world, learn the rules, and learn to interact through play. Lev Vygotsky agrees that play is pivotal for children's development, since they make meaning of their environment through playing educational games. For Vygotsky, however, play is the first form of learning language and communication, and the stage where a child begins to understand rules and symbols.[13] This has led to a view that learning in organisms is always related to semiosis,[14] and is often associated with representational systems/activity.[15]
^Richard Gross, Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behaviour Archived 2022-12-31 at the Wayback Machine 6E, Hachette UK, ISBN 978-1-4441-6436-7.
^Karban, R. (2015). Plant Learning and Memory. In: Plant Sensing and Communication. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, pp. 31–44, [1] Archived 2022-12-31 at the Wayback Machine.
^Lakoff, G., & Johnson, M. (2008). Metaphors we live by. University of Chicago press.
^Daniel L. Schacter; Daniel T. Gilbert; Daniel M. Wegner (2011) [2009]. Psychology, 2nd edition. Worth Publishers. p. 264. ISBN 978-1-4292-3719-2.
^OECD (2007). Understanding the Brain: The Birth of a Learning Science. OECD Publishing. p. 165. ISBN 978-92-64-02913-2.
^Chapter 2: The Montessori philosophy. From Lillard, P. P. Lillard (1972). Montessori: A Modern Approach. Schocken Books, New York.
^Sujan, M. A., Huang, H., & Braithwaite, J. (2017). Learning from incidents in health care: critique from a Safety-II perspective. Safety Science, 99, 115–121.
^Hartley, David M.; Seid, Michael (2021). "Collaborative learning health systems: Science and practice". Learning Health Systems. 5 (3): e10286. doi:10.1002/lrh2.10286. PMC 8278439. PMID 34277947.
^"Jungle Gyms: The Evolution of Animal Play". Archived from the original on October 11, 2007.
^"What behavior can we expect of octopuses?". www.thecephalopodpage.org. The Cephalopod Page. Archived from the original on 5 October 2017. Retrieved 4 May 2018.
^Learned helplessness at the Encyclopædia Britannica
^Sheridan, Mary; Howard, Justine; Alderson, Dawn (2010). Play in Early Childhood: From Birth to Six Years. Oxon: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-83748-7.
^Campbell, Cary; Olteanu, Alin; Kull, Kalevi 2019. Learning and knowing as semiosis: Extending the conceptual apparatus of semiotics Archived 2022-04-09 at the Wayback Machine. Sign Systems Studies 47(3/4): 352–381.
^Hutchins, E., 2014. The cultural ecosystem of human cognition. Philosophical Psychology 27(1), 34–49.
Learning is the process of acquiring new understanding, knowledge, behaviors, skills, values, attitudes, and preferences. The ability to learn is possessed...
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encompasses several domains including learning theory, computer-based training, online learning, and m-learning where mobile technologies are used. The...
alternatives to rote learning include meaningful learning, associative learning, spaced repetition and active learning. Rote learning is widely used in the...
The Advancement of Learning (full title: Of the Proficience and Advancement of Learning, Divine and Human) is a 1605 book by Francis Bacon. It inspired...
Learning disability, learning disorder, or learning difficulty (British English) is a condition in the brain that causes difficulties comprehending or...
Blended learning or hybrid learning, also known as technology-mediated instruction, web-enhanced instruction, or mixed-mode instruction, is an approach...
Multimodal learning, in the context of machine learning, is a type of deep learning using a combination of various modalities of data, such as text, audio...
Online learning may refer to study in home Educational technology, or e-learning E-learning (theory) Distance education Virtual school Online learning in...
formal schooling system, while informal education entails unstructured learning through daily experiences. Formal and non-formal education are categorized...
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software which enable machines to perceive their environment and uses learning and intelligence to take actions that maximize their chances of achieving...
In the history of ideas the New Learning in Europe is the Renaissance humanism, developed in the later fifteenth century. Newly retrieved classical texts...
Learning theory may refer to: Learning theory (education), the process of how humans learn Connectivism Educational philosophies, an academic field that...
Unsupervised learning is a method in machine learning where, in contrast to supervised learning, algorithms learn patterns exclusively from unlabeled data...
Learning styles refer to a range of theories that aim to account for differences in individuals' learning. Although there is ample evidence that individuals...
Autonomous learning may refer to: Autonomous learning in homeschooling Learner autonomy Machine learning Self-paced instruction This disambiguation page...
Supervised learning (SL) is a paradigm in machine learning where input objects (for example, a vector of predictor variables) and a desired output value...
third-level, or tertiary education, is an optional final stage of formal learning that occurs after completion of secondary education. It represents levels...
The Learning Annex was an American education company based in New York City. It was founded in 1980 by Bill Zanker in his New York City studio apartment...
The learning pyramid (also known as “the cone of learning”, “the learning cone”, “the cone of retention”, “the pyramid of learning”, or “the pyramid of...
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