For reinforcement learning in psychology, see Reinforcement and Operant conditioning.
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Reinforcement learning (RL) is an interdisciplinary area of machine learning and optimal control concerned with how an intelligent agent ought to take actions in a dynamic environment in order to maximize the cumulative reward. Reinforcement learning is one of three basic machine learning paradigms, alongside supervised learning and unsupervised learning.
Reinforcement learning differs from supervised learning in not needing labelled input/output pairs to be presented, and in not needing sub-optimal actions to be explicitly corrected. Instead the focus is on finding a balance between exploration (of uncharted territory) and exploitation (of current knowledge) with the goal of maximizing the long term reward, whose feedback might be incomplete or delayed.[1]
The environment is typically stated in the form of a Markov decision process (MDP), because many reinforcement learning algorithms for this context use dynamic programming techniques.[2] The main difference between the classical dynamic programming methods and reinforcement learning algorithms is that the latter do not assume knowledge of an exact mathematical model of the Markov decision process and they target large Markov decision processes where exact methods become infeasible.[3]
^Kaelbling, Leslie P.; Littman, Michael L.; Moore, Andrew W. (1996). "Reinforcement Learning: A Survey". Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research. 4: 237–285. arXiv:cs/9605103. doi:10.1613/jair.301. S2CID 1708582. Archived from the original on 2001-11-20.
^van Otterlo, M.; Wiering, M. (2012). "Reinforcement Learning and Markov Decision Processes". Reinforcement Learning. Adaptation, Learning, and Optimization. Vol. 12. pp. 3–42. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-27645-3_1. ISBN 978-3-642-27644-6.
^Li, Shengbo (2023). Reinforcement Learning for Sequential Decision and Optimal Control (First ed.). Springer Verlag, Singapore. pp. 1–460. doi:10.1007/978-981-19-7784-8. ISBN 978-9-811-97783-1. S2CID 257928563.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
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