Extraesophageal reflux disease (EERD),[1] Silent reflux,[2] and Supra-esophageal reflux[3]
Sagittal illustration of the anterior portion of the human head and neck. In LPR, the pharynx (1), oropharynx (2) and larynx (3) are exposed to gastric contents that flow upward through the esophagus (4).
Specialty
Gastroenterology
Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) or laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD) is the retrograde flow of gastric contents into the larynx, oropharynx and/or the nasopharynx.[4][5] LPR causes respiratory symptoms such as cough and wheezing[6] and is often associated with head and neck complaints such as dysphonia, globus pharyngis, and dysphagia.[7] LPR may play a role in other diseases, such as sinusitis, otitis media, and rhinitis,[7] and can be a comorbidity of asthma.[6] While LPR is commonly used interchangeably with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), it presents with a different pathophysiology.[8]
LPR reportedly affects approximately 10% of the U.S. population. However, LPR occurs in as many as 50% of individuals with voice disorders.[9]
^Kahrilas PJ (October 2000). "Maximizing outcome of extraesophageal reflux disease". Am J Manag Care. 6 (16 Suppl): S876–82. PMID 11184658.
^Koufman JA (2002). "Laryngopharyngeal reflux is different from classic gastroesophageal reflux disease". Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal. 81 (9 Suppl 2): 7–9. PMID 12353431.
^Zerbib F, Stoll D (2010). "Management of laryngopharyngeal reflux: an unmet medical need". Neurogastroenterol Motil. 22 (2): 109–12. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2982.2009.01437.x. PMID 20067549. S2CID 39810748.
^Galluzzi, F; Schindler, A; Gaini, RM; Garavello, W (October 2015). "The assessment of children with suspected laryngopharyngeal reflux: An Otorhinolaringological perspective". International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology. 79 (10): 1613–9. doi:10.1016/j.ijporl.2015.07.037. PMID 26279249.
^Li, Y; Xu, G; Zhou, B; et al. (June 2022). "Effects of acids, pepsin, bile acids, and trypsin on laryngopharyngeal reflux diseases: physiopathology and therapeutic targets". European Archives of Oto-rhino-laryngology. 279 (6): 2743–2752. doi:10.1007/s00405-021-07201-w. PMC 9072476. PMID 34860271.
^ abCazzola, M; Segreti, A; Calzetta, L; Rogliani, P (January 2013). "Comorbidities of asthma: current knowledge and future research needs". Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine. 19 (1): 36–41. doi:10.1097/MCP.0b013e32835b113a. PMID 23114561. S2CID 20667404.
^ abDhillon, VK; Akst, LM (August 2016). "How to Approach Laryngopharyngeal Reflux: An Otolaryngology Perspective". Current Gastroenterology Reports. 18 (8): 44. doi:10.1007/s11894-016-0515-z. PMID 27417389. S2CID 7007929.
^Johnston, Nikki; Dettmar, Peter W.; Strugala, Vicki; Allen, Jacqui E.; Chan, Walter W. (October 2013). "Laryngopharyngeal reflux and GERD". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1300 (1): 71–79. Bibcode:2013NYASA1300...71J. doi:10.1111/nyas.12237. PMID 24117635. S2CID 29120054.
^Vaezi, M. F. (2009). Extraesophageal Reflux. San Diego, CA: Plural Publishing. ISBN 9781597567541.
and 28 Related for: Laryngopharyngeal reflux information
Laryngopharyngealreflux (LPR) or laryngopharyngealreflux disease (LPRD) is the retrograde flow of gastric contents into the larynx, oropharynx and/or...
of acid reflux, which causes respiratory and laryngeal signs and symptoms, is called laryngopharyngealreflux (LPR) or extraesophageal reflux disease...
implications on disease attributed to laryngopharyngealreflux. Pepsin remains in the larynx following a gastric reflux event. At the mean pH of the laryngopharynx...
medical or surgical treatment. It can also be used in diagnosing laryngopharyngealreflux. The importance of refluxed gastric contents in the pathogenesis...
of the chest. This may result in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or laryngopharyngealreflux (LPR) with symptoms such as a taste of acid in the...
can be managed through vocal hygiene measures.[citation needed] Laryngopharyngealreflux treatment primarily involves behavioural management and medication...
Inflammatory factors may include allergies, tobacco and alcohol use, laryngopharyngealreflux, and other environmental influences. Vocal fold nodules often alter...
gonococcus, fungi, irritants such as smoke, allergies, and gastroesophageal reflux disease. Specific testing is not recommended in people who have clear symptoms...
Malfroot A, Dab I (November 1991). "New insights on gastro-oesophageal reflux in cystic fibrosis by longitudinal follow up". Archives of Disease in Childhood...
where only one side is operated on at a time. Treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease can also help in the treatment of laryngomalacia, since gastric...
heart failure include jugular venous distension, ascites, and hepatojugular reflux. Evidence of tricuspid insufficiency and pulmonic regurgitation is also...
some point during their life, and is frequently caused by gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or gastritis. Indigestion is subcategorized as either "organic"...
hence the term idiopathic. Risk factors include cigarette smoking, acid reflux disease (GERD), certain viral infections, and genetic predisposition. The...
common conditions managed by gastroenterologists include gastroesophageal reflux disease, gastrointestinal bleeding, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory...
toxic gases, chronic pulmonary aspiration of stomach acid from esophageal reflux, or a hiatal hernia. Bronchiectasis may result from congenital disorders...
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