Lancefield grouping information

Lancefield grouping is a system of classification that classifies catalase-negative Gram-positive cocci based on the carbohydrate composition of bacterial antigens found on their cell walls.^[1] The system, created by Rebecca Lancefield, was historically used to organize the various members of the family Streptococcaceae, which includes the genera Lactococcus and Streptococcus, but now is largely superfluous due to explosive growth in the number of streptococcal species identified since the 1970s.^[2] However, it has retained some clinical usefulness even after the taxonomic changes,^[1] and as of 2018, Lancefield designations are still often used to communicate medical microbiological test results.

The classification assigns a letter code to each serotype. There are 20 described serotypes assigned the letters A to V (excluding E, I and J).^[3] Bacteria of the genus Enterococcus, formerly known as group D streptococci, were classified as members of the genus Streptococcus until 1984 and are included in the original Lancefield grouping.^[4] Many - but not all - species of streptococcus are beta-hemolytic. Notably, enterococci and Streptococcus bovis (Lancefield group D) are not beta-hemolytic.^[5] Though there are many groups of streptococci, the principal organisms that are known to cause human disease belong to group A (Streptococcus pyogenes), group B (Streptococcus agalactiae), group C/G (Streptococcus dysgalactiae) both members of group D (Streptococcus gallolyticus and Streptococcus infantarius, both members of the Streptococcus bovis group), and two alpha-haemolytic groups that lack the Lancefield carbohydrate antigen: Streptococcus pneumoniae and viridans streptococci.^[2]^[3]

^ ^a ^b Facklam, R. (1 October 2002). "What happened to the streptococci: overview of taxonomic and nomenclature changes". Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 15 (4): 613–630. doi:10.1128/CMR.15.4.613-630.2002. PMC 126867. PMID 12364372.
^ ^a ^b Isenberg, Henry D. (1992). Clinical Microbiology Procedures Handbook. American Society of Microbiology. ISBN 978-1555810382.
^ ^a ^b Public Health England (22 September 2021). "UK Standards for Microbiology Investigations ID 4: Identification of Streptococcus species, Enterococcus species and morphologically similar organisms" (PDF). GOV.UK. Retrieved 2 April 2024.
^ Lancefield RC (1933). "A serological differentiation of human and other groups of hemolytic streptococci". J Exp Med. 57 (4): 571–95. doi:10.1084/jem.57.4.571. PMC 2132252. PMID 19870148.
^ Priloska, G (2008). "Virulence factors and antibiotic resistance in Enterococcus faecalis isolated from urine samples". Prilozi. 29 (1): 57–66. PMID 18709000.

[pmid_12364372-1] Facklam, R. (1 October 2002). "What happened to the streptococci: overview of taxonomic and nomenclature changes". Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 15 (4): 613–630. doi:10.1128/CMR.15.4.613-630.2002. PMC 126867. PMID 12364372.

[Isenberg-2] Isenberg, Henry D. (1992). Clinical Microbiology Procedures Handbook. American Society of Microbiology. ISBN 978-1555810382.

[:0-3] Public Health England (22 September 2021). "UK Standards for Microbiology Investigations ID 4: Identification of Streptococcus species, Enterococcus species and morphologically similar organisms" (PDF). GOV.UK. Retrieved 2 April 2024.

[Lancefield_1933-4] Lancefield RC (1933). "A serological differentiation of human and other groups of hemolytic streptococci". J Exp Med. 57 (4): 571–95. doi:10.1084/jem.57.4.571. PMC 2132252. PMID 19870148.

[5] Priloska, G (2008). "Virulence factors and antibiotic resistance in Enterococcus faecalis isolated from urine samples". Prilozi. 29 (1): 57–66. PMID 18709000.

Lancefield grouping information

and 25 Related for: Lancefield grouping information

Lancefield grouping

Rebecca Lancefield

Streptococcus

Streptococcus agalactiae

CAMP test

McFarland standards

Gram stain

Rapid plasma reagin

Rapid urease test

Giemsa stain

Minimum inhibitory concentration

IMViC

Indole test

KOH test

Streptococcus intermedius

Methyl red

Asepsis

Oxidase test

Microbiological culture

Antibiotic sensitivity testing

Disk diffusion test

Medical microbiology

Vaginal wet mount

Growth medium

Agar plate