The balance between production and consumption of organic matter in lakes
Lake Mendota in Madison, Wisconsin. One of the most well-studied lakes in the world including estimates of lake metabolism.
Lake metabolism represents a lake's balance between carbon fixation (gross primary production) and biological carbon oxidation (ecosystem respiration).[1] Whole-lake metabolism includes the carbon fixation and oxidation from all organism within the lake, from bacteria to fishes, and is typically estimated by measuring changes in dissolved oxygen or carbon dioxide throughout the day.[2]
Ecosystem respiration in excess of gross primary production indicates the lake receives organic material from the surrounding catchment, such as through stream or groundwater inflows or litterfall. Lake metabolism often controls the carbon dioxide emissions from or influx to lakes, but it does not account for all carbon dioxide dynamics since inputs of inorganic carbon from the surrounding catchment also influence carbon dioxide within lakes.[3][4]
^Winslow, Luke A.; Zwart, Jacob A.; Batt, Ryan D.; Dugan, Hilary A.; Woolway, R. Iestyn; Corman, Jessica R.; Hanson, Paul C.; Read, Jordan S. (January 2016). "LakeMetabolizer: an R package for estimating lake metabolism from free-water oxygen using diverse statistical models". Inland Waters. 6 (4): 622–636. doi:10.1080/iw-6.4.883. ISSN 2044-2041. S2CID 54811593.
^Hanson, Paul C.; Bade, Darren L.; Carpenter, Stephen R.; Kratz, Timothy K. (2003). "Lake metabolism: Relationships with dissolved organic carbon and phosphorus". Limnology and Oceanography. 48 (3): 1112–1119. Bibcode:2003LimOc..48.1112H. doi:10.4319/lo.2003.48.3.1112. ISSN 1939-5590.
^Bogard, Matthew J.; Giorgio, Paul A. del (2016). "The role of metabolism in modulating CO2 fluxes in boreal lakes". Global Biogeochemical Cycles. 30 (10): 1509–1525. Bibcode:2016GBioC..30.1509B. doi:10.1002/2016GB005463. ISSN 1944-9224. S2CID 133462828.
^Wilkinson, Grace M.; Buelo, Cal D.; Cole, Jonathan J.; Pace, Michael L. (2016). "Exogenously produced CO2 doubles the CO2 efflux from three north temperate lakes". Geophysical Research Letters. 43 (5): 1996–2003. Bibcode:2016GeoRL..43.1996W. doi:10.1002/2016GL067732. ISSN 1944-8007.
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