Lactones are cyclic carboxylic esters are intramolecular esters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids. They can be saturated or unsaturated. Some contain heteroatoms replacing one or more carbon atoms of the ring.[1]
Lactones are formed by intramolecular esterification of the corresponding hydroxycarboxylic acids, which takes place spontaneously when the ring that is formed is five- or six-membered. Lactones with three- or four-membered rings (α-lactones and β-lactones) are very reactive, making their isolation difficult. Special methods are normally required for the laboratory synthesis of small-ring lactones as well as those that contain rings larger than six-membered.[2]
^"lactones", Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2.3.3, International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, 2014-02-24, p. 817
^Francis A. Carey; Robert M. Giuliano (2011), Organic Chemistry (8th ed.), McGraw-Hill, pp. 798–799
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