Mathematical function of two variables; outputs 1 if they are equal, 0 otherwise
Not to be confused with the Dirac delta function, nor with the Kronecker symbol.
In mathematics, the Kronecker delta (named after Leopold Kronecker) is a function of two variables, usually just non-negative integers. The function is 1 if the variables are equal, and 0 otherwise:
or with use of Iverson brackets:
For example, because , whereas because .
The Kronecker delta appears naturally in many areas of mathematics, physics, engineering and computer science, as a means of compactly expressing its definition above.
In linear algebra, the identity matrix has entries equal to the Kronecker delta:
where and take the values , and the inner product of vectors can be written as
Here the Euclidean vectors are defined as n-tuples: and and the last step is obtained by using the values of the Kronecker delta to reduce the summation over .
It is common for i and j to be restricted to a set of the form {1, 2, ..., n} or {0, 1, ..., n − 1}, but the Kronecker delta can be defined on an arbitrary set.
In mathematics, the Kroneckerdelta (named after Leopold Kronecker) is a function of two variables, usually just non-negative integers. The function is...
instantaneous impulses. It is called the delta function because it is a continuous analogue of the Kroneckerdelta function, which is usually defined on...
inverted delta representing del, a vector differential operator Kroneckerdelta ( δ i j {\displaystyle \delta _{ij}} ), a function Dirac delta ( δ ( x...
4. {\displaystyle \delta _{\rho }^{\rho }=\delta _{0}^{0}+\delta _{1}^{1}+\delta _{2}^{2}+\delta _{3}^{3}=4.} The Kroneckerdelta is one of the family...
{\displaystyle \mathbf {e} ^{i}(\mathbf {e} _{j})=\delta _{j}^{i}.} where δ is the Kroneckerdelta. As Hom ( V , W ) = V ∗ ⊗ W {\displaystyle \operatorname...
[{\hat {x}}_{i},{\hat {p}}_{j}]=i\hbar \delta _{ij},} where δ i j {\displaystyle \delta _{ij}} is the Kroneckerdelta. This relation is attributed to Werner...
needed] The impulse response (that is, the output in response to a Kroneckerdelta input) of an Nth-order discrete-time FIR filter lasts exactly N + 1...
space Einstein notation Exterior algebra Inner product Outer product Kroneckerdelta Levi-Civita symbol Multilinear form Pseudoscalar Pseudovector Spinor...
tensor. For Riemannian manifolds, it is the Kroneckerdelta η a b = δ a b {\displaystyle \eta _{ab}=\delta _{ab}} . For pseudo-Riemannian manifolds, it...
of Kroneckerdeltas: ε i j k ε p q k = δ i p δ j q − δ i q δ j p {\displaystyle \varepsilon _{ijk}\varepsilon _{pqk}=\delta _{ip}\delta _{jq}-\delta _{iq}\delta...
named after Kenneth E. Iverson, is a notation that generalises the Kroneckerdelta, which is the Iverson bracket of the statement x = y. It maps any statement...
the Kroneckerdelta function ( δ j i = 0 {\displaystyle \delta _{j}^{i}=0} when i ≠ j {\displaystyle i\neq j} and δ j i = 1 {\displaystyle \delta _{j}^{i}=1}...
{(e_{i})}_{i\in I}=((\delta _{ij})_{j\in I})_{i\in I}} where I {\displaystyle I} is any set and δ i j {\displaystyle \delta _{ij}} is the Kroneckerdelta, equal to...
Z_{ik}Z^{jk}=\delta _{i}^{j}} For an orthonormal Cartesian coordinate system, the metric tensor is just the kroneckerdelta δ i j {\displaystyle \delta _{ij}}...
\mathbf {e} _{i}\cdot \mathbf {e} _{j}=\delta _{ij},} where δ i j {\displaystyle \delta _{ij}} is the Kroneckerdelta. Also, by the geometric definition,...
{1}{2}}\left(\delta _{i}^{k}\delta _{j}^{l}+\delta _{i}^{l}\delta _{j}^{k}\right)} where δ n m {\displaystyle \delta _{n}^{m}} is the Kroneckerdelta. Unless...
matrix can also be written using the Kroneckerdelta notation: ( I n ) i j = δ i j . {\displaystyle (I_{n})_{ij}=\delta _{ij}.} When A {\displaystyle A} is...
}}\end{cases}}} where δ j i {\displaystyle \delta _{j}^{i}} is the Kroneckerdelta symbol. To perform operations with a vector, we must have a straightforward...
g ( Y i , X j ) = δ j i , {\displaystyle g(Y^{i},X_{j})=\delta _{j}^{i},} the Kroneckerdelta. In terms of these bases, any vector v can be written in...
[{\hat {p}}_{i},{\hat {x}}_{j}]=-i\hbar \delta _{ij},} where δ i j {\displaystyle \delta _{ij}} is the Kroneckerdelta. The Planck relation connects the particular...
this is by using a Kroneckerdelta which modifies q as follows: q = δ ∗ q e {\displaystyle q=\delta *qe} , where δ= the Kroneckerdelta, qe=experimentally...