Two different 3d orthonormal bases: each basis consists of unit vectors that are mutually perpendicular.
In geometry and linear algebra, a Cartesian tensor uses an orthonormal basis to represent a tensor in a Euclidean space in the form of components. Converting a tensor's components from one such basis to another is done through an orthogonal transformation.
The most familiar coordinate systems are the two-dimensional and three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate systems. Cartesian tensors may be used with any Euclidean space, or more technically, any finite-dimensional vector space over the field of real numbers that has an inner product.
Use of Cartesian tensors occurs in physics and engineering, such as with the Cauchy stress tensor and the moment of inertia tensor in rigid body dynamics. Sometimes general curvilinear coordinates are convenient, as in high-deformation continuum mechanics, or even necessary, as in general relativity. While orthonormal bases may be found for some such coordinate systems (e.g. tangent to spherical coordinates), Cartesian tensors may provide considerable simplification for applications in which rotations of rectilinear coordinate axes suffice. The transformation is a passive transformation, since the coordinates are changed and not the physical system.
algebra, a Cartesiantensor uses an orthonormal basis to represent a tensor in a Euclidean space in the form of components. Converting a tensor's components...
of tensor theory. For expositions of tensor theory from different points of view, see: TensorTensor (intrinsic definition) Application of tensor theory...
In mathematics, tensor calculus, tensor analysis, or Ricci calculus is an extension of vector calculus to tensor fields (tensors that may vary over a manifold...
or for expressing a known vector in a different basis. Cartesiantensor Kay, D. C. (1988). Tensor Calculus. Schaum’s Outlines. McGraw Hill. pp. 18–19. ISBN 0-07-033484-6...
two vectors is sometimes called an elementary tensor or a decomposable tensor. The elementary tensors span V ⊗ W {\displaystyle V\otimes W} in the sense...
tensor (symbol σ {\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {\sigma }}} , named after Augustin-Louis Cauchy), also called true stress tensor or simply stress tensor...
elasticity tensor is a fourth-rank tensor describing the stress-strain relation in a linear elastic material. Other names are elastic modulus tensor and stiffness...
electromagnetism, the electromagnetic tensor or electromagnetic field tensor (sometimes called the field strength tensor, Faraday tensor or Maxwell bivector) is a...
G. The Cartesian product of graphs is not a product in the sense of category theory. Instead, the categorical product is known as the tensor product...
reflecting various orders of complexity. The quadrupole moment tensor Q is a rank-two tensor—3×3 matrix. There are several definitions, but it is normally...
has often been used for Cartesian products of graphs, but is now more commonly used for another construction known as the tensor product of graphs. The...
metric field on M consists of a metric tensor at each point p of M that varies smoothly with p. A metric tensor g is positive-definite if g(v, v) > 0 for...
and physics, a tensor field assigns a tensor to each point of a mathematical space (typically a Euclidean space or manifold). Tensor fields are used...
abelian category, is not Cartesian closed. So the category of modules over a ring is not Cartesian closed. However, the functor tensor product − ⊗ M {\displaystyle...
more gradient directions, sufficient to compute the diffusion tensor. The diffusion tensor model is a rather simple model of the diffusion process, assuming...
In multilinear algebra, a tensor contraction is an operation on a tensor that arises from the canonical pairing of a vector space and its dual. In components...
unique point. The prototypical example of a coordinate system is the Cartesian coordinate system. In the plane, two perpendicular lines are chosen and...
In graph theory, the tensor product G × H of graphs G and H is a graph such that the vertex set of G × H is the Cartesian product V(G) × V(H); and vertices...
that is, Cartesiantensors of rank 1; and permittivity ε is a Cartesiantensor of rank 2. Strain and stress are, in principle, also rank-2 tensors. But conventionally...
theoretical physics, the spin tensor is a quantity used to describe the rotational motion of particles in spacetime. The spin tensor has application in general...
graphics, a tensor operator generalizes the notion of operators which are scalars and vectors. A special class of these are spherical tensor operators which...
example, scalars, vectors, or tensors. Mathematical expressions involving these quantities in vector calculus and tensor analysis (such as the gradient...