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Dot product information


In mathematics, the dot product or scalar product[note 1] is an algebraic operation that takes two equal-length sequences of numbers (usually coordinate vectors), and returns a single number. In Euclidean geometry, the dot product of the Cartesian coordinates of two vectors is widely used. It is often called the inner product (or rarely projection product) of Euclidean space, even though it is not the only inner product that can be defined on Euclidean space (see Inner product space for more).

Algebraically, the dot product is the sum of the products of the corresponding entries of the two sequences of numbers. Geometrically, it is the product of the Euclidean magnitudes of the two vectors and the cosine of the angle between them. These definitions are equivalent when using Cartesian coordinates. In modern geometry, Euclidean spaces are often defined by using vector spaces. In this case, the dot product is used for defining lengths (the length of a vector is the square root of the dot product of the vector by itself) and angles (the cosine of the angle between two vectors is the quotient of their dot product by the product of their lengths).

The name "dot product" is derived from the dot operator " · " that is often used to designate this operation;[1] the alternative name "scalar product" emphasizes that the result is a scalar, rather than a vector (as with the vector product in three-dimensional space).


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  1. ^ "Dot Product". www.mathsisfun.com. Retrieved 2020-09-06.

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multiply two Euclidean vectors. The dot product takes in two vectors and returns a scalar, while the cross product returns a pseudovector. Both of these...

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scalar product) is defined as the dot product of one of the vectors with the cross product of the other two. Geometrically, the scalar triple product a ⋅...

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these n products. In other words, c i j {\displaystyle c_{ij}} is the dot product of the ith row of A and the jth column of B. Therefore, AB can also be...

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A dot product representation of a simple graph is a method of representing a graph using vector spaces and the dot product from linear algebra. Every graph...

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The Red Dot Design Award is an international, annual design competition for product and industrial design, brand and communication design as well as design...

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quaternion study by isolating the dot product and cross product of two vectors from the complete quaternion product. This approach made vector calculations...

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the vector part. Using the modern terms cross product (×) and dot product (.), the quaternion product of two vectors p and q can be written pq = –p.q...

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)\right)} Here we take the trace of the dot product of two second-order tensors, which corresponds to the product of their matrices. ∇ ( A ⋅ B )   =   (...

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cases, the inner product coincides with the dot product. Whenever they don't coincide, the inner product is used instead of the dot product in the formal...

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symmetric tetrahedral molecule such as CH4 may be calculated using the dot product of two vectors. As shown in the diagram, the molecule can be inscribed...

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slope along the road will be the dot product between the gradient vector and a unit vector along the road, as the dot product measures how much the unit vector...

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three-dimensional vectors, denoted by R3, and equipped with the dot product. The dot product takes two vectors x and y, and produces a real number x ⋅ y....

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define angles in an abstract real inner product space, we replace the Euclidean dot product ( · ) by the inner product ⟨ ⋅ , ⋅ ⟩ {\displaystyle \langle \cdot...

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pairs of real numbers (the real coordinate plane), equipped with the dot product, is often called the Euclidean plane, since every Euclidean plane is...

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product space. Cosine similarity is the cosine of the angle between the vectors; that is, it is the dot product of the vectors divided by the product...

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