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Kitos War or Second Jewish–Roman War
Part of the Jewish–Roman wars
The extent of the Roman Empire under Trajan (117)
Date
115–117
Location
Eastern Mediterranean, Roman Empire
Result
Roman victory
Territorial changes
Status quo ante bellum
Belligerents
Roman Empire
Jewish/Judean zealots
Commanders and leaders
Emperor Trajan
Marcius Turbo
Lusius Quietus
Lukuas (Andreas)
Julianus [1] Pappus [1]
Artemio
Casualties and losses
Cassius Dio: 460,000+ Roman subjects (largely Roman Greeks) were killed in Cyrene and Cyprus alone Unknown numbers in Aegyptus, Libya and the rest of the Eastern Mediterranean
200,000 dead[2] Jewish communities of Cyprus, Cyrene and possibly others completely depopulated and permanently expelled to the eastern edges of the Empire (mainly Judea)
v
t
e
Jewish–Roman wars
Prelude
Siege of Jerusalem (63 BCE)
Judas uprising (6 CE)
Alexandria (38 CE)
Jacob and Simon uprising (46 CE)
Major conflicts
Great Revolt (66–74 CE)
Kitos War (115–117 CE)
Bar Kokhba Revolt (132–136 CE)
The Kitos War (115–117[3]; Hebrew: מרד הגלויות, romanized: mered ha-galuyot, or מרד התפוצותmered ha-tfutzot; "rebellion of the diaspora" Latin: Tumultus Iudaicus) was one of the major Jewish–Roman wars (66–136). The rebellions erupted in 115 when most of the Roman armies were fighting Trajan's Parthian War on the eastern border of the Roman Empire. Major uprisings by Jews in Cyrenaica, Cyprus and Egypt spiralled out of control, resulting in a widespread slaughter of the remaining Roman garrisons and Roman citizens by Jewish rebels.
The Jewish rebellions were finally crushed by the Roman legions, chiefly by the Roman general Lusius Quietus, whose nomen later gave the conflict its title, as Kitos is a later corruption of Quietus. Some localities were so utterly annihilated by the revolting diaspora that Romans moved in to settle the areas to prevent their complete depopulation. The Jewish leader, Lukuas, fled to Judea.[4] Marcius Turbo pursued him and sentenced to death the brothers Julian and Pappus, who had been key leaders in the rebellion.[5]
Lusius Quietus, the conqueror of the Jews of Mesopotamia, was now in command of the Roman army in Judea and laid siege to Lydda, where the rebel Jews had gathered under the leadership of Julian and Pappus. Lydda was next taken, and many of the rebellious Jews were executed. The "slain of Lydda" are often mentioned in words of reverential praise in the Talmud.[6] The rebel leaders Pappus and Julian were among those who the Romans executed that year.[7]
The situation in Judea remained tense for the Romans, who were obliged under Hadrian to move the Legio VI Ferrata permanently into Caesarea Maritima in Judea.
^ abMalamat, Abraham (1976). A History of the Jewish people. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press. p. 330. ISBN 978-0-674-39731-6.
^Beck (2012). True Jew: Challenging the Stereotype. p. 18.
^Malamat, Abraham (1976). A History of the Jewish People. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-39731-6.
^Abulfaraj, in Münter, "Der Jüdische Krieg," p. 18, Altona and Leipsic, 1821
^Kitos War: A Captivating Guide to One of the Jewish–Roman Wars (History of Judaism). Captivating History. 17 May 2022. ISBN 978-1637166369.
The KitosWar (115–117; Hebrew: מרד הגלויות, romanized: mered ha-galuyot, or מרד התפוצות mered ha-tfutzot; "rebellion of the diaspora" Latin: Tumultus...
successfully, so much that the war was afterward named after him – Kitus being a corruption of Quietus. Whether or not the KitosWar theatre included Judea proper...
was one of the leaders of Jewish rebels during the KitosWar, also known as the Second Jewish War, in the 2nd century AD. The narrative of the revolt...
the principal commander against the Jewish rebellion known as the KitosWar (Kitos is a later corruption of Quietus). As both a general and a highly acclaimed...
Judea, not counting the KitosWar (115–117 CE), which had only marginally been fought in Judea. After the First Jewish–Roman War (66–73 CE), Roman authorities...
Saturninus with two legions in Germania Superior – revolt suppressed KitosWar (115–117) – traditionalist Jewish revolt against Rome Bar Kokhba revolt...
Crucifixion of Jesus 66–73: First Jewish–Roman War, includes Destruction of the Second Temple in 70 115–117: KitosWar 132: Judea was merged with Galilee into...
Jewish resistance movement against the Roman army in Israel during the KitosWar, 115-117 CE (their Hebrew names were Shemaiah and Ahijah respectively)...
suppression of diaspora communities in Egypt, Libya and Crete during the KitosWar of 115–117 CE had a severe impact on the Jewish diaspora. A substantial...
connection with the emperor Trajan's war against the Parthians, and/or the rebellion of the Jews of Alexandria in the KitosWar (115-117 AD). The legion returned...
stating that witnessing the suffering acted as an appetiser. The KitosWar The KitosWar occurred 115–117 AD, and was a rebellion by the Jews within the...
following: A phase of the Jewish–Roman wars the KitosWar the Bar Kokhba revolt The 587 BCE phase of the Jewish–Babylonian war This disambiguation page lists...
Cyprus by the Cyprus Convention of 4 June 1878, following the Russo-Turkish War, in exchange for British support of the Ottomans during the Congress of Berlin...
expanding it. This list of wars by death toll includes all deaths that are either directly or indirectly caused by the war. These numbers usually include...
2nd century saw two further Jewish revolts against the Roman rule. The KitosWar (115–117) saw Jewish diaspora communities in North Africa, Cyprus, and...
method in Europe for naming years. Trajan subdues a Jewish revolt (the KitosWar), then falls seriously ill, leaving Hadrian in command of the east. On...
temporarily annexed into the Roman Empire. 115 – 117: KitosWar, adjunct to the Jewish–Roman wars. 122 – 132: Hadrian's Wall is built across what is now...
the time of the Emperor Claudius. It was heavily devastated during the KitosWar and almost depopulated of Greeks and Jews alike. Although repopulated...
6 CE Jacob and Simon uprising 46 CE Jewish–Roman wars 66–135 First Jewish–Roman War 66–73 KitosWar 115–17 Bar Kokhba revolt 132–35 Jewish revolt against...
Empire. Jews continued to live in their land in significant numbers, the KitosWar of 115–117 notwithstanding, until Julius Severus ravaged Judea while putting...
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