"Kashki" redirects here. For the village in Iran, see Kashki, Iran.
The Kaska (also Kaška, later Tabalian Kasku[1] and Gasga[2]) were a loosely affiliated Bronze Age non-Indo-European[3] tribal people, who spoke the unclassified Kaskian language and lived in mountainous East Pontic Anatolia, known from Hittite sources.[4] They lived in the mountainous region between the core Hittite region in eastern Anatolia and the Black Sea, and are cited as the reason that the later Hittite Empire never extended northward to that area. They are sometimes identified with the Caucones known from Greek records.
^š is the conventional rendering of /s/ sound in Hittite; an unrelated Kaska in cuneiform texts found at Kirkuk, in Hurrian written in Akkadian cuneiform, apparently referred to the first cutting of a moiety of the grain, which a debtor might not remove from a harvested field in the temporary possession of a creditor: E. A. Speiser, "New Kirkuk Documents Relating to Security Transactions" Journal of the American Oriental Society52.4 (December 1932:350-367), esp. pp 362ff. Also, Kašku was the name of a moon god in Hattic, which was spoken at the site of their first known conquest, at Nerik. This Hattic ethnonym need not reflect the language or self-identification of the Kaska themselves.
^I. E. S. Edwards, C. J. Gadd, N. G. L. Hammond, E. Sollberger, The Cambridge Ancient History Cambridge University press, 1973 p. 660
^Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture p.29 (1997) https://archive.org/details/EncyclopediaOfIndoEuropeanCulture/page/n63/mode/2up?q=Kaskians
^"Although attested historically, the Kaska are virtually unknown archaeologically," Roger Matthews has observed, "Landscapes of Terror and Control: Imperial Impacts in Paphlagonia" Near Eastern Archaeology67.4 (December 2004:200-211) esp. pp202f.
Singer, Kaskians and Hattians are different branches of the same people. However, if the Hattians were assimilated by the Hittites, then the Kaskians were...
Kaskian (Kaskean) was the language of the Kaskians (Kaska) of northeastern Bronze Age Anatolia in the mountains along the Black Sea coast. The Encyclopedia...
Look up Kaskian in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Kaskian may refer to: Kaskians, an ancient Anatolian ethnic group Kaskian language, spoken by these...
Anti-Taurus Mountains as well. To the north lived the mountain people called the Kaskians. To the southeast of the Hittites lay the Hurrian empire of Mitanni. At...
to invade Assyria from the north with their allies the Mushki and the Kaskians. The Urumu apparently settled in the vicinity of Sason, lending their name...
Kaskas may refer to: Kaska Dena, a North American First Nations people Kaskians, a Bronze Age people also called Kaska Poppy seeds, also called kas-kas...
Black Sea coast was halted by the semi-nomadic pastoralist and tribal Kaskians, a non-Indo-European people who had earlier displaced the Palaic-speaking...
Georgia - Sakartvelo) Urumu (Proto-Armenians?), allied with Mushki and Kaskians, possibly Arimi of Greek sources and Arme/Urme/Armini of Urartian sources...
the northwest of present mainland Turkey. The region was overrun by the Kaskians in the 15th century BC, and the language likely went out of daily use at...
It is likely that Palaic peoples disappeared with the invasion of the Kaskians in the 15th-century BC. Following the Bronze Age collapse, a number of...
were found, including; Elamite, Gutian and Kassite in Iran, and Hattic, Kaskian and Hurro-Urartian in Turkey. The precise affiliation of these, and their...
to invade Assyria from the north with their allies the Mushki and the Kaskians. The Urumu apparently settled in the vicinity of Sason, lending their name...
2019. Retrieved 2024-03-05. "Historical Memory about Migration of the Kaskians in Western Georgia". Retrieved 2024-05-06. "Hieroglyphic Luwian". Archived...
Hattusili I and Mursili I – to Arzawa in the West, Mitanni in the East, the Kaskians in the North, and Kizzuwatna in the South. Telipinu was a son-in-law of...
city which had fallen to the Kaskians by Arnuwanda's time. This portion of the prayer also mentioned Kammama, which was Kaskian as of the reign of Arnuwanda...
which had ceased to pay tribute decades prior, were reconquered and the Kaskians and Urumeans, tribes who had also settled in the region, voluntarily submitted...
and Takupša for two hundred years after the Hittites lost Nerik to the Kaskians. He was also referred to as Nerak or Nerikkil. In ancient Anatolia, weather...
Semitic-speaking Assyrians and Amorites, Hurro-Urartian-speaking Hurrians, Kaskians, Hattians, and Mitanni and later-arriving Indo-European peoples such as...
Kashka may refer to: Kaskians, an ancient people of Anatolia Kashka, Armenia Kashka, Iran This disambiguation page lists articles about distinct geographical...
and took the name of Hattusili, the "one/man from Hattusa". After the Kaskians arrived to the kingdom's north, they twice attacked the city and under...
prefixes. Some lexical borrowings from Greek and Turkic languages. Colchis Kaskian language Language portal Laz at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022) E.J. Brill's...
eighth and seventh centuries BC. "Historical Memory about Migration of the Kaskians in Western Georgia". Retrieved 6 May 2024. Joan Oates (1979). Babylon [Revised...
Global Information