Not to be confused with Kartvelian languages or Karelian Proper language.
Karelian
karjala, karjalan kieli kard'al, kard'alan kiel' kariela, karielan kieli
Native to
Russia, Finland
Region
Republic of Karelia, Tver Oblast (Tver Karelia)
Ethnicity
Karelians
Native speakers
8,753 (Russia) (2020)[1] 11,000 (Finland)[2]
Language family
Uralic
Finnic
Northern Finnic
Karelian
Dialects
Tver
Livvi
Northern
Southern
Writing system
Latin (Karelian alphabet)
Cyrillic (in the past, 1820–1940, before the Latin script was officially adopted in 1989)[3]
Official status
Recognised minority language in
Finland[4] Russia
Republic of Karelia[5]
Language codes
ISO 639-2
krl
ISO 639-3
krl
Glottolog
kare1335
ELP
Karelian
Distribution of Karelian and Ludic at the beginning of the 20th century[6][7]
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Karelian (Karelian Proper and Livvi-Karelian: karjala, karjalan kieli; Ludian: kard'al, kard'alan kiel'; Tver Karelian: kariela, karielan kieli) is a Finnic language spoken mainly in the Russian Republic of Karelia. Linguistically, Karelian is closely related to the Finnish dialects spoken in eastern Finland, and some Finnish linguists have even classified Karelian as a dialect of Finnish, though in the modern day it is widely considered a separate language. Karelian is not to be confused with the Southeastern dialects of Finnish, sometimes referred to as karjalaismurteet ("Karelian dialects") in Finland.[8] In the Russian 2020–2021 census, around 9,000 people spoke Karelian natively, but around 14,000 said to be able to speak the language.[9]
There is no single standard Karelian language, so the Karelian language is a group of three supradialects. The three supradialects are Northern Karelian (White Sea Karelian), South Karelian, Olonets Karelian (Livvi Karelian) and Tver Karelian. Ludic Karelian also appears in writing. All variants are written with the Latin-based Karelian alphabet, though the Cyrillic script has been used in the past. Each writer writes in Karelian according to their own dialectal form.
^"Rosstat — Vserossiyskaya perepis' naseleniya 2020" Росстат — Всероссийская перепись населения 2020 [Rosstat — All-Russian Population Census 2020]. rosstat.gov.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 2023-01-03.
^"Karel'skiy yazyk" Карельский язык [Karelian] (in Russian).
^"Alphabet Karelian". Retrieved 2022-02-22.
^Change in the regulation by the president of Finland about European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, 27.11.2009 (in Finnish)
^"Законодательные акты – Правительство Республики Карелия". gov.karelia.ru. Archived from the original on 2017-10-11. Retrieved 2010-07-29.
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^Cite error: The named reference krl2 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^"Росстат — Всероссийская перепись населения 2020". rosstat.gov.ru. Retrieved 2023-01-03.
Karelian (Karelian Proper and Livvi-Karelian: karjala, karjalan kieli; Ludian: kard'al, kard'alan kiel'; Tver Karelian: kariela, karielan kieli) is a Finnic...
They traditionally speak the Karelianlanguage and are Eastern Orthodox Christians. There are also significant Karelian enclaves in the Tver and Novgorod...
Karelian Proper (Karelian Proper: Varšinaiskarjala) is a supradialect of the Karelianlanguage, which is a Finnic language. Karelian Proper is one of two/three...
Ludic, or Ludian, or Ludic Karelian (Luudi, Lyydi or lüüdi), is a Finnic language in the Uralic language family or a Karelian dialect. It is transitional...
Northern Karelian (also called: White Sea Karelian, Viena Karelian and North Karelian) (North Karelian: Vienankarjala) is a dialect of Karelian Proper,...
The Karelian National Battalion (Ukrainian: Карельський національний батальйон, romanized: Karelskyi natsionalnyi batalion; Karelian: Karjalan Kansallini...
Finnish Sign Language and Karelian. Finnish is the language of the majority, 85.7% of the population in 2022. It is a Finnic language closely related...
characteristic of Uralic languages, the eastern dialects and the Karelianlanguage have redeveloped or retained it. For example, the Karelian word d'uuri [dʲuːri]...
intelligible with it. Additionally, the Karelianlanguage was not officially recognised as its own language in Finland until 2009, despite there being...
The Karelian National Movement (Russian: Карельское национальное движение, romanized: Karelskoye natsional'noye dvizheniye; Finnish: Karjalan kansallinen...
The Karelianlanguage is spoken in Russia, mostly in the Karelian Republic and in a small region just north of Tver, though most residents there were...
The Karelian hot pot (British) or Karelian stew (US) (Karelian: päččiliha; Finnish: karjalanpaisti; Russian: рагу по-карельски ragu po-karelski; Swedish:...
the caron is used in most northwestern Uralic languages that use the Latin alphabet, such as Karelian, Veps, Northern Sami and Inari Sami (though not...
Republic of Karelia, Karjala or Karelia (Russian: Каре́лия, Ка́рьяла; Karelian: Karjala), is a republic of Russia situated in the northwest of the country...
researchers. There are related words in other Finnic languages: in Estonian, põrgu means hell, in Karelian perkeleh means an evil spirit. As Finland was Christianized...
borrow from other Balto-Finnic languages due to centuries of geographical isolation. Although the number of Tver Karelian people was about 14,633 in 2002...
This is a list of lakes of Europe with an average area greater than 100 km2 (39 sq mi). Some smaller lakes may be missing from the list. Reservoirs and...
home to its own dialect of the Karelianlanguage, which is known as Livvi Karelian or sometimes as 'Olonets Karelian'. The largest city in the Olonets...
The Karelian United Government was a short-lived state that existed from 1920 to 1923, as a merger of the Republic of Uhtua and the Olonets Government...
to power, most Karelian peasants were declared kulaks and were subject to loss of grain and cattle. This, as well as finding Karelians in combat zones...
96.6% of the population of the Karelian ASSR spoke Karelian as their mother tongue. No unified Karelian literary language existed, and the prospect of creating...
According to the 1926 census, the Tver Karelians numbered 140,567 people, of which more than 95% spoke the Karelianlanguage. In 1930, according to the statistical...
Ukrainian слов'янське ('Slavic') is transliterated as slov"jans'ke. Some Karelian orthographies use an apostrophe to indicate palatalization, e.g. n'evvuo...
Russian Census. The Karelianlanguage has no official status in the republic but is nevertheless recognized as a "regional language" alongside Finnish...
Global Information
Finland[4]
Russia
