For the Amorphis album, see The Karelian Isthmus. For other meanings of the name "Karelia", see Karelia (disambiguation).
Map of the Karelian Isthmus. Shown are some important towns, the current Finnish-Russian border in the North-West and the pre-Winter War border further South.
The Karelian Isthmus (Russian: Карельский перешеек, romanized: Karelsky peresheyek; Finnish: Karjalankannas; Swedish: Karelska näset) is the approximately 45–110-kilometre-wide (30–70 mi) stretch of land situated between the Gulf of Finland and Lake Ladoga in northwestern Russia, to the north of the River Neva.[1] Its northwestern boundary is a line from the Bay of Vyborg to the westernmost point of Lake Ladoga, Pekonlahti. If the Karelian Isthmus is defined as the entire territory of present-day Saint Petersburg and Leningrad Oblast to the north of the Neva and also a tiny part of the Republic of Karelia, the area of the isthmus is about 15,000 km2 (5,800 sq mi).
The smaller part of the isthmus to the southeast of the old Russia-Finland border is considered historically as Northern Ingria, rather than part of the Karelian Isthmus itself. The rest of the isthmus was historically a part of Finnish Karelia. This was conquered by the Russian Empire during the Great Northern War in 1712 and included within the autonomous Grand Duchy of Finland (1809–1917) of the Russian Empire. When Finland became independent in 1917, the isthmus (except for the territory roughly corresponding to present-day Vsevolozhsky District and some districts of Saint Petersburg) remained Finnish. Finnish Karelia was partly ceded to the Soviet Union by Finland following the Winter War (1939–1940) and Continuation War (1941–1944). In 1940–1941, during the Interim Peace, most of the ceded territories in the isthmus were included within the Karelo-Finnish SSR. However, since World War II the entire isthmus has been divided between the city of Saint Petersburg (mostly Kurortny District), as well as Priozersky District, Vsevolozhsky District and Vyborgsky District of Leningrad Oblast.
According to the 2002 census, the population of the Kurortny District of Saint Petersburg and the parts of Leningrad Oblast situated on the Karelian Isthmus amounts to 539,000. Many Saint Petersburg residents also decamp to the Isthmus during their vacations. The main population centers of the Isthmus are Vyborg (Выборг; Finnish: Viipuri; Swedish: Viborg), Priozersk (Приозе́рск; Finnish: Käkisalmi; Swedish: Kexholm) and Primorsk (Примо́рск; Finnish: Koivisto; Swedish: Björkö).[2][3]
^Location is approximately between 61°21’N, 59°46’N and 27°42’E, 31°08’E.
^"Karjalankannas" (in Finnish). Karjalan Liitto. Retrieved January 30, 2022.
^"Karjalankannas" (in Finnish). Prima Tours. Retrieved January 30, 2022.
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Archeological evidence indicates that Karelian inhabitation was highest along the western shore of Lake Ladoga and the KarelianIsthmus, with multiple cemeteries...
as −43 °C (−45 °F). The battles focused mainly on Taipale along the KarelianIsthmus, on Kollaa in Ladoga Karelia and on Raate Road in Kainuu, but there...
attempted to negotiate with Finland to cede Finnish territory on the KarelianIsthmus and the islands of the Gulf of Finland, and to establish a Soviet military...
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and III Corps were organised into the Army of the Isthmus which was located on the KarelianIsthmus, the likely location for the main Soviet attack. The...
is the rocky KarelianIsthmus, which contains a lake district, as well as the Vepsian Upland in the east. The biggest lakes on the isthmus are Lake Vuoksa...
Winter War, the dialects were spoken along the KarelianIsthmus and Ingria. However, the South Karelian dialect speakers from the parts of Karelia taken...
a Soviet campaign to penetrate the Finnish Mannerheim Line in the KarelianIsthmus region to open a route into southern Finland. Despite their numerical...
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southeastern shore of the Gulf of Finland, bordered by Lake Ladoga on the KarelianIsthmus in the north and by the River Narva on the border with Estonia in the...
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in the northwest of the lake. Separated from the Baltic Sea by the KarelianIsthmus, it drains into the Gulf of Finland via the Neva River. Lake Ladoga...
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