Sindhu and Sauvira Kingdoms (Vedic civilization) c. 1500 – c. 500 BCE
Sattagydia (Achaemenid Empire) c. 516 – c. 330 BCE
Patalene (Indo-Greeks and Indo-Scythians) c. 330 BCE – c. 224 CE
Hind (Sasanian Empire) c. 224 – c. 489 CE
Classical
Rai dynasty c. 489 – 644 CE
Brahman dynasty c. 644 – 712 CE
As-Sindh (Umayyad Empire) c. 712 – 860 CE
Habbari dynasty c. 841 – 1024 CE
Medieval
Soomra dynasty c. 1024 – 1524 CE
Samma dynasty c. 1351 – 1524 CE
Arghun dynasty c. 1520 – 1554 CE
Tarkhan dynasty c. 1554 – 1591 CE
Thatta (Mughal Empire) c. 1627 – c. 1707 CE
Kalhora dynasty c. 1701 – c. 1783 CE
Talpur dynasty c. 1783 – c. 1843 CE
Colonial
Khairpur State c. 1775 – c. 1955 CE
Bombay Presidency c. 1842 – c. 1936 CE
Sind Province c. 1936 – c. 1947 CE
Pakistan
Province of Sindh c. 1947 CE – present
History of Pakistan
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The Kalhora dynasty (Sindhi: ڪلهوڙا خاندان, romanized: Kalhora Khandaan) was a Sindhi Muslim Kalhora tribe dynasty based in the region of Sindh, present day Pakistan. The dynasty governed much of Sindh between 1701 and 1783 from their capital of Khudabad, before shifting to Hyderabad from 1768 onwards. They were assigned to hold authority by the Mughal Grand Vizier Mirza Ghazi Beg.[citation needed]
Kalhora governance of Sindh began around the start of the 18th century when Yar Muhammad Kalhoro was invested with title of Khuda Yar Khan and was made subedar of Upper Sindh by royal decree of the Mughals. Later, after his death, his son was additionally appointed subedar of Sehwan and thus oversaw most of Sindh.[1]
The Kalhora dynasty succumbed during the invasion of Nadir Shah. Mian Ghulam Shah Kalhoro reorganised and consolidated his power, but his son lost control of Sindh and was overthrown by Talpurs amirs. Abdul Nabi Kalhoro was the last Kalhora ruler.[1]
^ abSarah F. D. Ansari (31 January 1992). Sufi Saints and State Power: The Pirs of Sind, 1843-1947. Cambridge University Press. pp. 32–34. ISBN 978-0-521-40530-0.
The Kalhoradynasty (Sindhi: ڪلهوڙا خاندان, romanized: Kalhora Khandaan) was a Sindhi Muslim Kalhora tribe dynasty based in the region of Sindh, present...
The Kalhora (Sindhi: ڪلهوڙو) is a Sindhi Sammat clan in Sindh, Pakistan. According to the natives of Sindh, the word Kalhoro originates from the (Sindhi:...
branches of the dynasty were established following the defeat of the Kalhoradynasty at the Battle of Halani in 1783: one ruled lower Sindh from the city...
became independent under Kalhoradynasty. The British conquered Sindh in 1843 AD after Battle of Hyderabad from the Talpur dynasty. Sindh became separate...
respectively. The Soomra dynasty, Samma dynasty, Arghun dynasty, Tarkhan and Talpur dynasties ruled Sindh. During the reign of the Kalhoradynasty the present city...
Rai dynasty around 489 AD until the conquest of Sindh from the Talpur dynasty by the East India Company in 1843. Known rulers of the Rai dynasty are:...
battle over Mian Abdul Nabi Kalhoro of the Kalhoradynasty, and established the Talpur dynasty. The Kalhoradynasty of Nawabs were supported by the Durrani...
Yernani, Bakr and Siwat. Under Muhammad Shah, Mughal power weakened. The Kalhoradynasty became stronger in Sindh, and established their own government. Due...
city in Dadu District, Sindh, Pakistan. It served as capital of the Kalhoradynasty between 1719 and 1768, when the capital was shifted to Hyderabad. It...
independent under the Kalhoradynasty. The British conquered Sindh in 1843 after their victory in the Battle of Hyderabad over the Talpur dynasty. Sindh became...
The Rai dynasty (c. 489–632 CE) was a polity of ancient Sindh. All that is known about the dynasty comes from the Chach Nama; recent scholarship has tried...
ڪلهوڙو) was a member of the Kalhoradynasty who, in 1758, was enthroned as the 3rd Nawab of Sindh by tribal Chiefs of Kalhora, replacing his brother Mian...
and its largest centre for textile production. The Kalhoradynasty began to gain influence as a dynasty of feudal lords in upper Sindh, where they ruled...
he governed between 1701 and 1719. He was the first governor of the Kalhoradynasty and ruled for 18 years. In the initial nine years of his reign, Yar...
early 18th century, while upper Sindh was ruled by the indigenous Kalhoradynasty holding power, consolidating their rule from their capital of Khudabad...
Banbhore Islamic period Muhammad bin Qasim Local dynasties Samma dynastyKalhoradynasty Talpur dynasty British period Sind Division Sind Province Independent...
محمد کلہوڑو, Sindhi: ميان نصير محمد ڪلهوڙو) was a predecessor of the Kalhoradynasty. He was succeeded by his son Deen Muhammad. Nasir's tomb is sited in...
century – 1524) Kingdom of Tlaxcallan Inca Empire (1197-1533) Asia KalhoraDynasty (1701-1783) Kingdom of Sitawaka (1521–1594) Johor Sultanate (1528–1855)...
(Mohenjo-daro) Sindhu Kingdom Rai dynasty Brahman dynasty Muslim caliphate Soomra dynasty Samma dynastyKalhoradynasty Talpur British period Cultural heritage...
lifetime, Sindh transitioned from Delhi-based Mughal rule to the local Kalhoradynasty. During the later part of Bhittai's life, Nadir Shah Afshar sacked...
(1740–1810) was a Sindhi language poet born in Sehwan, Sindh in the KalhoraDynasty. His grandfather Syed Noor Muhammad Shah came from Central Asia and...
State's historical foundations are in the large empire ruled by the Bhati dynasty. The empire stretched from what is now Ghazni in modern-day Afghanistan...
(Mohenjo-daro) Sindhu Kingdom Rai dynasty Brahman dynasty Muslim caliphate Soomra dynasty Samma dynastyKalhoradynasty Talpur British period Cultural heritage...
Mian Abdul Nabi Kalhoro who became the last ruler of the KalhoraDynasty. The Talpur dynasty ruled in Sindh until defeated by the British forces at the...
(Mohenjo-daro) Sindhu Kingdom Rai dynasty Brahman dynasty Muslim caliphate Soomra dynasty Samma dynastyKalhoradynasty Talpur British period Cultural heritage...
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