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Kajkavian
kajkavščina / kajkavština / kajkavica
Native to
Croatia
Ethnicity
Croats
Language family
Indo-European
Balto-Slavic
Slavic
South Slavic
Western South Slavic
Kajkavian
Standard forms
Literary Kajkavian
Language codes
ISO 639-3
kjv
Glottolog
kajk1237
Kajkavian in Croatia
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South Slavic languages and dialects
Western South Slavic
Serbo-Croatian
Standard languages
Bosnian
Croatian
Montenegrin
Serbian (Slavonic-Serbian)
Dialects
Shtokavian
(Younger Ikavian
Bunjevac
Slavonian
Šokac
Dubrovnik
Eastern Herzegovinian
Užice
Zeta–Raška
Kosovo–Resava (Smederevo–Vršac)
Šumadija–Vojvodina
Prizren–Timok (Prizren–South Morava
Gorani
Janjevo–Letnica
Svrljig–Zaplanje
Timok–Lužnica))
Chakavian
(Burgenland
Molise)
Kajkavian
Torlakian
(Prizren–South Morava
Gorani
Janjevo–Letnica
Svrljig–Zaplanje
Timok–Lužnica)
Accents
Ekavian
Ijekavian
Ikavian
Comparison of standard Bosnian, Croatian, Montenegrin and Serbian
Slovene
Dialects
(Prekmurje Slovene
Resian)
Eastern South Slavic
Church Slavonic (Old)
Bulgarian
Dialects
Banat
Torlakian
Meshterski
Macedonian
Dialects
(Western
Southeastern
Northern
Torlakian)
Spoken Macedonian
Standard Macedonian
Transitional dialects
Serbian–Bulgarian–Macedonian
Transitional Bulgarian dialects
Torlakian
Gorani
Croatian–Slovenian
Kajkavian
Bulgarian–Macedonian
Slavic dialects of Greece
Alphabets
Modern
Gaj's Latina
Serbian Cyrillic
Bulgarian Cyrillic
Macedonian Cyrillic
Montenegrin
Slovene
Historical
Bohoričica
Dajnčica
Metelčica
Arebica
Bosnian Cyrillic
Glagolitic
Early Cyrillic
a Includes Banat Bulgarian alphabet.
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e
Kajkavian/kaɪˈkɑːviən,-ˈkæv-/ (Kajkavian noun: kajkavščina; Shtokavian adjective: kajkavski[kǎjkaʋskiː],[1] noun: kajkavica or kajkavština[kajkǎːʋʃtina])[2] is a South Slavic supradialect or language spoken primarily by Croats in much of Central Croatia and Gorski Kotar.[3][4]
Kajkavian is part of the South Slavic dialect continuum, being a transition between the supradialects of Chakavian, Shtokavian and the Slovene language.[5] There are differing opinions over whether Kajkavian is best considered a dialect of the Serbo-Croatian language or a fully-fledged language of its own, as it is only partially mutually intelligible with either Chakavian or Shtokavian and bears more similarities to Slovene; it is transitional and fully mutually intelligible with Prekmurje Slovene and the dialects in Slovenian Lower Styria's region of Prlekija in terms of phonology and vocabulary.[6]
The term "Kajkavian" and the definition of the dialect are modern-age inventions. The name stems from the interrogative pronoun kaj ("what"). The other supradialects of Serbo-Croatian also derive their names from their reflex of the interrogative pronoun.[7][8] However, the pronouns are only general pointers and do not serve as actual identifiers of the respective dialects. Certain Kajkavian dialects use the interrogative pronoun ča, the one that is usually used in Chakavian. Conversely, some Chakavian dialects (most notably Buzet dialect in Istria) use the pronoun kaj. The pronouns these dialects are named after are merely the most common one in that dialect.
Outside Croatia's northernmost regions, Kajkavian is also spoken in Austrian Burgenland and a number of enclaves in Hungary along the Austrian and Croatian border and in Romania.[9]
^"Hrvatski jezični portal (1)". Retrieved 21 March 2015.
^"Hrvatski jezični portal (2)". Retrieved 21 March 2015.
^Klaus J. Mattheier (1991). Sociolinguistica. M. Niemeyer. ISBN 978-3-484-60368-4.
^Eliasson, Stig; Jahr, Ernst Håkon, eds. (1997). Language and Its Ecology: Essays in Memory of Einar Haugen. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 29–. ISBN 978-3-11-014688-2.
^Greenberg, Marc L. (2008). A Short Reference Grammar of Slovene. Lincom Europa. ISBN 978-3-89586-965-5.
^Alexander, Ronelle (2006). Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, a Grammar: With Sociolinguistic Commentary. The University of Wisconsin Press. pp. 388–. ISBN 978-0-299-21193-6.
^Comrie, Bernard, ed. (2009). The World's Major Languages (2nd ed.). Routledge. pp. 331–. ISBN 978-1-134-26156-7.
^"Kȁj". Hrvatski Jezični Portal (in Croatian). Novi Liber. Archived from the original on 2014-05-06. Retrieved 6 May 2014.
^Gilbers, Dicky; Nerbonne, John A.; Schaeken, J., eds. (2000). Languages in Contact. Rodopi. pp. 160–. ISBN 90-420-1322-2.
served as a supraregional lingua franca – pushing back regional Chakavian, Kajkavian, and Shtokavian vernaculars. The decisive role was played by Croatian...
until the modern age was simply known and understood, along with the Kajkavian and Shtokavian idioms in Croatia, as the "Croatian language" (hrvatski...
Shtokavian; it is šta in Eastern Shtokavian). This is in contrast to Kajkavian and Chakavian (kaj and ča also meaning "what"). Shtokavian is spoken in...
the Shtokavian dialect: Bosnian Croatian Montenegrin Serbian Chakavian Kajkavian Aromanian Istriot (in western Istria) Istro-Romanian (In eastern Istria)...
standard Croatian based on the Shtokavian dialect. The Chakavian and Kajkavian dialects are distinguished from Shtokavian by their lexicon, phonology...
From the household census Population census without clergy and nobility Kajkavian pronunciation: [ˈzaɡrep] Register of spatial units of the State Geodetic...
capital of Kajkavian dialect (Croatian: Kajkavščina), the South Slavic dialect spoken in north-western Croatia. Every year, the Festival of Kajkavian Song (Croatian:...
revival efforts have been ongoing since 2001. Shtokavian, Chakavian, Kajkavian, Burgenland Croatian, and Slavomolisano are often considered separate...
together with Serbo-Croatian. It is close to the Chakavian and especially Kajkavian dialects of Serbo-Croatian, but further from the Shtokavian dialect, the...
grammatical differences. Certain dialects of Serbia (Torlakian) and Croatia (Kajkavian and Chakavian), however, are not mutually intelligible even though they...
Eulenspiegel. It is written in the northern Croatian Kajkavian dialect. Krleža did not typically write in Kajkavian, but decided to put the dialect into focus for...
Romanian and Ancient Greek have five; Bengali, Latin, Russian, Slovak, Kajkavian, Slovenian, and Turkish each have at least six; Armenian, Czech, Georgian...
fourth dialect of Serbo-Croatian along with Shtokavian, Chakavian, and Kajkavian. Bulgarian scholars classify it as a Western Bulgarian dialect, in which...
to other Slovene dialects in neighboring Slovene Styria, as well as to Kajkavian with which it retains a considerable degree of mutual intelligibility...
the standardized forms of Serbo-Croatian, although it is closer to the Kajkavian and Chakavian dialects of Serbo-Croatian). Figures of speakers according...
military. Serbo-Croatian itself is made-up of three dialects, Shtokavian, Kajkavian, and Chakavian, with Shtokavian used as the standard official dialect...
Slavic (Croatian) dialects: Chakavian and Kajkavian. It is also spoken in a few enclaves on Chakavian and Kajkavian areas, and in several contact points it...
while Croats from the continental northwestern part of Croatia speak the Kajkavian dialect. Vernacular texts in the Chakavian dialect first appeared in the...
vernacular dialects of Serbo-Croatian (i.e. non-Shtokavian dialects: Kajkavian, Chakavian and Torlakian) diverge more significantly from all four normative...
14, 95, 146, 133, 12, 42, 46), mostly adaptations from Kajkavian Croatian. The first Kajkavian printed book Postilla from Antun Vramec also have citations...
general Croatian standard language, combines the Chakavian, Shtokavian and Kajkavian dialect. But unlike the Croatian standard language, which is mostly based...
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