Prestige dialect of the pluricentric Serbo-Croatian language
Shtokavian
štokavski / штокавски
Native to
Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Kosovo
Language family
Indo-European
Balto-Slavic
Slavic
South Slavic
Western South Slavic
Shtokavian
Standard forms
Serbian
Croatian
Bosnian
Montenegrin
Pluricentric Standard Serbo-Croatian
Dialects
Eastern Herzegovinian
Younger Ikavian: Bunjevac
Eastern Bosnian
Šumadija–Vojvodina
Slavonian
Zeta–South Sandžak
Smederevo–Vršac
Kosovo–Resava
Prizren–South Morava
Svrljig–Zaplanje
Timok–Lužnica
Language codes
ISO 639-1
sh
ISO 639-3
hbs
Glottolog
shto1241
Linguasphere
53-AAA-ga to -gf & 53-AAA-gi (-gia to -gii)
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Area where Shtokavian standard languages are spoken by the majority or plurality of inhabitants (in 2005)
Shtokavian or Štokavian (/ʃtɒˈkɑːviən,-ˈkæv-/; Serbo-Croatian Latin: štokavski / Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: штокавски, pronounced[ʃtǒːkaʋskiː])[1] is the prestige supradialect of the pluricentric Serbo-Croatian language and the basis of its Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian and Montenegrin standards.[2] It is a part of the South Slavic dialect continuum.[3][4] Its name comes from the form for the interrogative pronoun for "what" što (Western Shtokavian; it is šta in Eastern Shtokavian). This is in contrast to Kajkavian and Chakavian (kaj and ča also meaning "what").
Shtokavian is spoken in Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, much of Croatia, and the southern part of Austria's Burgenland. The primary subdivisions of Shtokavian are based on three principles: one is different accents whether the subdialect is Old-Shtokavian or Neo-Shtokavian, second is the way the old Slavic phoneme jat has changed (Ikavian, Ijekavian or Ekavian), and third is presence of Young Proto-Slavic isogloss (Schakavian or Shtakavian). Modern dialectology generally recognises seven Shtokavian subdialects.
Distribution of Shtokavian subdialects before 20th century
^"Hrvatski jezični portal (1)". Retrieved 21 March 2015.
^Sussex & Cubberly (2006:506) "The core of the modern literary languages and the major dialect area, is Shtokavian (što 'what'), which covers the rest of the area where Serbo-Croatian is spoken."
basis of the Neo-Shtokavian dialect that served as a supraregional lingua franca – pushing back regional Chakavian, Kajkavian, and Shtokavian vernaculars....
Standard Serbian is based on the most widespread dialect of Serbo-Croatian, Shtokavian (more specifically on the dialects of Šumadija-Vojvodina and Eastern Herzegovina)...
modern age was simply known and understood, along with the Kajkavian and Shtokavian idioms in Croatia, as the "Croatian language" (hrvatski jezik). Legal...
standard Croatian based on the Shtokavian dialect. The Chakavian and Kajkavian dialects are distinguished from Shtokavian by their lexicon, phonology and...
Montenegrin is based on the most widespread dialect of Serbo-Croatian, Shtokavian, more specifically on Eastern Herzegovinian, which is also the basis of...
themselves, with Shtokavian, and with other languages. For example, Torlakian which is considered a subdialect of Serbian Old Shtokavian by some, has significant...
traditionally classified it as an old Shtokavian dialect or as a fourth dialect of Serbo-Croatian along with Shtokavian, Chakavian, and Kajkavian. Bulgarian...
istočnohercegovački / источнохерцеговачки) is the most widespread subdialect of the Shtokavian dialect of Serbo-Croatian, both by territory and the number of speakers...
(Croatian: Moliški hrvatski; Italian: croata molisana), is a variety of Shtokavian Croatian spoken by Italian Croats in three villages – Montemitro (Mundimitar)...
of Bosnian and Croatian, as all three are based on the most widespread Shtokavian dialect from Eastern Herzegovina. Other recognised minority languages...
ties. Bosnian is based on the most widespread dialect of Serbo-Croatian, Shtokavian, more specifically on Eastern Herzegovinian, which is also the basis of...
Croatian, Montenegrin and Serbian) which are all based on the Shtokavian dialect. Besides Shtokavian, Croats from the Adriatic coastline speak the Chakavian...
hrvatski molitvenik) is a Croatian vernacular prayer book and the example of Shtokavian vernacular literary dialect. Written between 1380 and 1400 in Dubrovnik...
Bosnian, Croatian, Montenegrin and Serbian), which are all based on the Shtokavian dialect. Serbian is an official language in Serbia and Bosnia-Herzegovina...
Ijekavian varieties of the Shtokavian dialect (non-standard spoken varieties including, beside Ijekavian, also Ikavian Shtokavian). Serbian and Bosnian are...
The Dubrovnik subdialect is a subdialect of the Shtokavian dialect of Serbo-Croatian. It is spoken in the area of Dubrovnik and the littoral of the former...
Split originally belonged to this dialect, but under the influence of Shtokavian immigrants and standard Croatian promoted by the state media, a local...
dialects, Shtokavian, Kajkavian, and Chakavian, with Shtokavian used as the standard official dialect of the language. Official Serbo-Croatian (Shtokavian), was...
Rusyn Slovene Serbo-Croatian with standardized varieties based on the Shtokavian dialect: Bosnian Croatian Montenegrin Serbian Chakavian Kajkavian Aromanian...
especially Kajkavian dialects of Serbo-Croatian, but further from the Shtokavian dialect, the basis for the Bosnian, Croatian, Montenegrin, and Serbian...
Council. Bunjevci are mainly Catholic and the majority still speaks Neo-Shtokavian Younger Ikavian dialect of the Serbo-Croatian pluricentric language with...
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