Africans who escaped from slavery in the Colony of Jamaica
Jamaican Maroons
Regions with significant populations
Jamaica Sierra Leone
Languages
Jamaican Patois, Kromanti
Religion
Jamaican Maroon religion
Related ethnic groups
Coromantee, Jamaicans of African descent, Sierra Leone Creoles, Maroon people
Jamaican Maroons descend from Africans who freed themselves from slavery on the Colony of Jamaica and established communities of free black people in the island's mountainous interior, primarily in the eastern parishes. Africans who were enslaved during Spanish rule over Jamaica (1493–1655) may have been the first to develop such refugee communities.
The English, who invaded the island in 1655, continued the importation of enslaved Africans to work on the island's sugar-cane plantations. Africans in Jamaica continually resisted enslavement, with many who freed themselves becoming maroons. The revolts disrupted the sugar economy in Jamaica and made it less profitable. The uprisings decreased after the British colonial authorities signed treaties with the Leeward Maroons in 1739 and the Windward Maroons in 1740, which required them to support the institution of slavery. The importance of the Maroons to the colonial authorities declined after slavery was abolished in 1838.
The Windward Maroons and those from the Cockpit Country resisted conquest in the First Maroon War (c. 1728 to 1740), which the colonial government ended in 1739–1740 by making treaties, to grant lands and to respect maroon autonomy, in exchange for peace and aiding the colonial militia if needed against external enemies. The tension between Governor Alexander Lindsay and the majority of the Leeward Maroons resulted in the Second Maroon War from 1795 to 1796. Although the governor promised leniency if the maroons surrendered, he later betrayed them and, supported by the Assembly, insisted on deporting just under 600 Maroons to British settlements in Nova Scotia, where enslaved African Americans who escaped from the United States were also resettled. The deported Maroons were unhappy with conditions in Nova Scotia, and in 1800 a majority left, having obtained passage to Freetown eight years after the Sierra Leone Company established it in West Africa (in present-day Sierra Leone) as a British colony, where they formed the Sierra Leone Creole ethnic identity.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]
^Thayer, James Steel (1991). "A Dissenting View of Creole Culture in Sierra Leone". Cahiers d'Études africaines. 31 (121): 215–230. doi:10.3406/cea.1991.2116. Archived from the original on 10 August 2021. Retrieved 23 August 2021.
^Browne-Davies, Nigel (2014). "A Precis of Sources relating to genealogical research on the Sierra Leone Krio people". Journal of Sierra Leone Studies. 3 (1). Archived from the original on 15 April 2022. Retrieved 23 August 2021.
^Walker, James W (1992). "Chapter Five: Foundation of Sierra Leone". The Black Loyalists: The Search for a Promised Land in Nova Scotia and Sierra Leone, 1783–1870. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. pp. 94–114. ISBN 978-0-8020-7402-7., originally published by Longman & Dalhousie University Press (1976).
^Taylor, Bankole Kamara (February 2014). Sierra Leone: The Land, Its People and History. New Africa Press. p. 68. ISBN 9789987160389. Archived from the original on 30 August 2021. Retrieved 23 August 2021.
^Grant, John N. (2002). The Maroons in Nova Scotia (Softcover). Formac. p. 203. ISBN 978-0887805691.
^Campbell, Mavis (1993), Back to Africa: George Ross and the Maroons (Trenton: Africa World Press), p. 48.
^Sivapragasam, Michael (2020), "The Returned Maroons of Trelawny Town", Navigating Crosscurrents: Trans-linguality, Trans-culturality and Trans-identification in the Dutch Caribbean and Beyond, ed. by Nicholas Faraclas, etc (Curacao/Puerto Rico: University of Curacao), p. 17.
JamaicanMaroons descend from Africans who freed themselves from slavery on the Colony of Jamaica and established communities of free black people in...
JamaicanMaroon language, Maroon Spirit language, Kromanti, JamaicanMaroon Creole or Deep patwa is a ritual language and formerly mother tongue of Jamaican...
as the JamaicanMaroons. Beginning in the late 17th century, JamaicanMaroons consistently fought British colonists, leading to the First Maroon War (1728–1740)...
little was written about the original religion of the JamaicanMaroons because of little contact Maroons had with the outside world. What was written at the...
This is a list of notable individuals of JamaicanMaroon ancestry. Yvonne Aki-Sawyerr, current mayor of Freetown Adelaide Casely-Hayford, activist, nationalist...
enslaved Africans called the Windward Maroons. In the early 18th century, under the leadership of Nanny, the Windward Maroons fought a guerrilla war over many...
led three campaigns against the JamaicanMaroons of Juan de Serras. Morgan achieved some success against the Maroons, who withdrew further into the Blue...
as Maroons. Maroons won a war against British forces (1728–1740) but lost a second war (1795–1796). In the 1800s, slavery was abolished and Jamaicans gained...
led three campaigns against the JamaicanMaroons of Juan de Serras. Morgan achieved some success against the Maroons, who withdrew further into the Blue...
The First Maroon War was a conflict between the JamaicanMaroons and the colonial British authorities that started around 1728 and continued until the...
ancestry of the JamaicanMaroons: a new genetic (DNA), historical, and multidisciplinary analysis and case study of the Accompong Town Maroons". Canadian Journal...
German influences, spoken primarily in Jamaica and among the Jamaican diaspora. Words or slang from Jamaican Patois can be heard in other Caribbean countries...
the JamaicanMaroons; these maroons came specifically from Cudjoe's Town (Trelawny Town), one of the five Maroon cities in Jamaica. The Maroons mainly...
black slave to flog the two Maroons, and the humiliation provoked outrage in Trelawny Town. For half a century, the Maroons had been hunting runaway slaves...
historical Maroon village located in the hills of St. Elizabeth Parish on the island of Jamaica. It is located in Cockpit Country, where JamaicanMaroons and...
migration of the JamaicanMaroons in 1796, although the British supported the desire of a third of the Loyalists and nearly all of the Maroons to establish...
Maroon leaders." The JamaicanMaroons are descended from Africans who conquered enslavers and established communities of Free black people in Jamaica...
500 JamaicanMaroons, whom they transported from Cudjoe's Town (Trelawny Town) via Nova Scotia in 1800. Led by Colonel Montague James, the Maroons helped...
colonisers settle near the internal frontier near the JamaicanMaroons. From 1670 to 1700, Jamaica became the preferred destination for Irish and English...
latter group included the JamaicanMaroons, and subsequent fugitives from the sugar and coffee plantations of coastal Jamaica.[citation needed] In 1838...
the first chiefs of the JamaicanMaroons. When the English captured Jamaica from the Spanish in the 1655 Invasion of Jamaica, the latter freed their slaves...
resistance by escaped slaves, or JamaicanMaroons, continued in the interior. The Western Design was largely a failure, but Jamaica remained in English hands...
Global Information
Jamaica
Sierra Leone