Illustration of Nanny from the 500 Jamaican dollar banknoteJamaica in 1717
Queen Nanny, Granny Nanny, or Nanny of the Maroons ONH (c. 1686 – c. 1760), was an 18th-century leader of the Jamaican Maroons. She led a community of formerly enslaved Africans called the Windward Maroons.[1] In the early 18th century, under the leadership of Nanny, the Windward Maroons fought a guerrilla war over many years against British authorities in the Colony of Jamaica in what became known as the First Maroon War.
Much of what is known about her comes from oral history, as little textual evidence exists. According to Maroon legend, Queen Nanny was born in Jamaica, and was the daughter of Prince Naquan, who was taken into slavery by the Spaniards from what is today Ghana of the Asante in 1640.[2]
During the years of warfare, the British suffered significant losses in their encounters with the Windward Maroons of eastern Jamaica. Maroons attributed their success against the British to the successful use of supernatural powers by Nanny, but historians argue that the Maroon mastery of guerrilla warfare played a significant role in their success. Having failed to defeat them on the battle field, the British sued for peace, signing a treaty with them on 20 April 1740.[3] The treaty stopped the hostilities, provided for state sanctioned freedom for the Maroons, and granted 500 acres of land to Nanny and her followers. The village built on the land grant still stands and today is called Moore Town. It is also known as the New Nanny Town. Modern members of the Moore Town celebrate 20 April 1740 as a holiday.
In 1975, the government of Jamaica declared Nanny as their only female national hero celebrating her success as a leader.[4] Her image is also on the Jamaican $500 note which is called a Nanny in Jamaican slang.
^Bilby, Kenneth M. (2005). True-born maroons. Gainesville: University Press of Florida. pp. 150–156, 454. ISBN 0813028736. OCLC 61821888.
^Cudjoe of Jamaica: Pioneer for Black freedom in the New World by Milton C. McFarlane. ISBN 9780894900013 pages= 10 - 25
^Gottlieb, Karla Lewis (2000). The mother of us all : a history of Queen Nanny, leader of the Windward Jamaican Maroons. Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press. p. 95. ISBN 0865435642. OCLC 38061550.
^Zips, Werner (2011). Nanny's Asafo warriors : the Jamaican Maroons' African experience. Kingston: Ian Randle Publishers. p. 70. ISBN 9789766376659. OCLC 852941442.
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