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The Isagoge (Greek: Εἰσαγωγή, Eisagōgḗ; /ˈsəɡ/) or "Introduction" to Aristotle's "Categories", written by Porphyry in Greek and translated into Latin by Boethius, was the standard textbook on logic for at least a millennium after his death. It was composed by Porphyry in Sicily during the years 268–270, and sent to Chrysaorium, according to all the ancient commentators Ammonius, Elias, and David. The work includes the highly influential hierarchical classification of genera and species from substance in general down to individuals, known as the Tree of Porphyry, and an introduction which mentions the problem of universals.

Boethius' translation of the work, in Latin, became a standard medieval textbook in European scholastic universities, setting the stage for medieval philosophical-theological developments of logic and the problem of universals. Many writers, such as Boethius himself, Averroes, Peter Abelard, Duns Scotus, wrote commentaries on the book. Other writers such as William of Ockham incorporated them into their textbooks on logic.

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Isagoge

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The Isagoge (Greek: Εἰσαγωγή, Eisagōgḗ; /ˈaɪsəɡoʊdʒiː/) or "Introduction" to Aristotle's "Categories", written by Porphyry in Greek and translated into...

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Porphyrian tree

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translations of Boethius. Porphyry suggests the tree in his introduction ("Isagoge") to Aristotle's Categories. Porphyry presented Aristotle's classification...

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Problem of universals

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introduced to the medieval world by Boethius, by his translation of Porphyry's Isagoge. It begins: "I shall omit to speak about genera and species, as to whether...

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Medieval philosophy

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logical work On Interpretation, and his Latin translation of Porphyry's Isagoge, a commentary on Aristotle's Categories. Two Roman philosophers had a great...

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Anthony Tol

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his doctoral dissertation, assembled a critical edition of Vollenhoven's Isagôgè. He has compiled and edited all Vollenhoven's versions to provide a text-critical...

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Ammonius Hermiae

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Aristotle's De Interpretatione survives intact. A commentary on Porphyry's Isagoge may also be his, but it is somewhat corrupt and contains later interpolations...

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Hunayn ibn Ishaq

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Ishaq Iluminure from the Hunayn ibn-Ishaq al-'Ibadi manuscript of the Isagoge Born 808 AD Al-Hirah Died 873 AD Baghdad, Abbasid Caliphate Academic work...

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Urine

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Image of two facing pages of the illuminated manuscript of "Isagoge", fols. 42b and 43a. On the top of the left hand page is an illuminated letter "D"...

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Avicenna

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al-Natili to their house to educate ibn Sina. Together, they studied the Isagoge of Porphyry (died 305) and possibly the Categories of Aristotle (died 322...

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Israel the Grammarian

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which survives in Saint Petersburg. In a manuscript glossing Porphyry's Isagoge, he recommended John's Periphyseon. His redaction of a commentary on Donatus's...

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Jacopo Berengario da Carpi

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simply Carpus; c. 1460 – c. 1530) was an Italian physician. His book "Isagoge breves" published in 1522 made him the most important anatomist before...

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Neoplatonism

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works entered the curriculum of Platonic thought. Porphyry's introduction (Isagoge) to Aristotle's Categoria was important as an introduction to logic, and...

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Scientific Revolution

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a dark labyrinth. In 1591 François Viète published In Artem Analyticem Isagoge, which gave the first symbolic notation of parameters in algebra. Newton's...

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Articella

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after 1100. The original five texts, in their standard order, are the Isagoge Ioannitii ad Tegni Galieni by Hunayn ibn Ishaq; the Hippocratic Aphorisms...

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Duns Scotus

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commentaries on Aristotle's Organon. These are the Questions on Porphyry's Isagoge and Aristotle's Categories, Peri hermeneias, and De sophisticis elenchis...

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Term logic

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Peripatetics. It was revived after the third century CE by Porphyry's Isagoge. Term logic revived in medieval times, first in Islamic logic by Alpharabius...

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Constantine the African

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Universidad de Santiago, 1983), with accompanying Spanish translation. The Isagoge of Johannitius, which Constantine may have translated (the attribution...

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Philo of Byzantium

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(Μηχανική Σύνταξη, Mēkhanikḗ Sýntaxē), which contained the following sections: Isagoge (Εἰσαγωγή, Eisagōgḗ) – Introduction (general mathematics) Mochlica (Μοχλικά...

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Timeline of artificial intelligence

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practical programmable machine:" an automatic theatre. 260 Porphyry wrote Isagogê which categorized knowledge and logic, including a drawing of what would...

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Manuscript

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Image of two facing pages of the illuminated manuscript of "Isagoge", fols. 42b and 43a. On the top of the left hand page is an illuminated letter "D"...

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Organon

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These had been translated into Latin by Boethius, along with Porphyry's Isagoge, which was also translated into Arabic by Ibn al-Muqaffa' via a Syriac...

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