Interactions between groups of atoms that do not arise from chemical bonds
In molecular physics and chemistry, the van der Waals force is a distance-dependent interaction between atoms or molecules. Unlike ionic or covalent bonds, these attractions do not result from a chemical electronic bond;[2] they are comparatively weak and therefore more susceptible to disturbance. The van der Waals force quickly vanishes at longer distances between interacting molecules.
Named after Dutch physicist Johannes Diderik van der Waals, the van der Waals force plays a fundamental role in fields as diverse as supramolecular chemistry, structural biology, polymer science, nanotechnology, surface science, and condensed matter physics. It also underlies many properties of organic compounds and molecular solids, including their solubility in polar and non-polar media.
If no other force is present, the distance between atoms at which the force becomes repulsive rather than attractive as the atoms approach one another is called the van der Waals contact distance; this phenomenon results from the mutual repulsion between the atoms' electron clouds.[3]
The van der Waals forces[4] are usually described as a combination of the London dispersion forces between "instantaneously induced dipoles",[5] Debye forces between permanent dipoles and induced dipoles, and the Keesom force between permanent molecular dipoles whose rotational orientations are dynamically averaged over time.
^Woodford, Chris (2 July 2008). "How do microfiber cloths work? | The science of cleaning". Explain that Stuff. Retrieved 11 February 2022.
^IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book") (1997). Online corrected version: (2006–) "van der Waals forces". doi:10.1351/goldbook.V06597
^Garrett, Reginald H.; Grisham, Charles M. (2016). Biochemistry (6th ed.). University of Virginia. pp. 12–13.
^Tschumper, Gregory S. (20 October 2008). "Reliable Electronic Structure Computations for Weak Noncovalent Interactions in Clusters". In Lipkowitz, Kenny B.; Cundari, Thomas R. (eds.). Reviews in Computational Chemistry. Vol. 26. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 39–90. doi:10.1002/9780470399545.ch2. ISBN 9780470399545.
^Mahan, Gerald D. (2009). Quantum mechanics in a nutshell. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-13713-1. OCLC 226037727.
and 27 Related for: Van der Waals force information
In molecular physics and chemistry, the vanderWaalsforce is a distance-dependent interaction between atoms or molecules. Unlike ionic or covalent bonds...
the vanderWaals radius. It is the volume "occupied" by an individual atom (or molecule). The vanderWaals volume may be calculated if the vander Waals...
The vanderWaals equation, named for its originator, the Dutch physicist Johannes Diderik vanderWaals, is an equation of state that extends the ideal...
fundamental principles leading to the London–vanderWaalsforce, the Casimir force, and the Casimir–Polder force can be formulated on the same footing. In...
fluctuating induced dipole bonds or loosely as vanderWaals forces) are a type of intermolecular force acting between atoms and molecules that are normally...
physical chemistry, the Lifshitz theory of vanderWaals forces, sometimes called the macroscopic theory of vanderWaals forces, is a method proposed by Evgeny...
ion–induced dipole force Cation–π, σ–π and π–π bonding VanderWaals forces – Keesom force, Debye force, and London dispersion force Cation–cation bonding...
creates more VanderWaalsforce to support the whole body of the creature. One seta can hold weights up to 20 mg using VanderWaalsforce. In total, with...
needed] Also referred to as a vanderWaals envelope, the vanderWaals surface is named for Johannes Diderik vanderWaals, a Dutch theoretical physicist...
one-atom-thick material, the Casimir effect is of interest. The VanderWaalsforce (or dispersion force) is also unusual, obeying an inverse cubic, asymptotic...
anticorrosive coatings. The vanderWaals nature of graphene and other two-dimensional (2D) materials also permits vanderWaals heterostructures and integrated...
equation Belinski–Khalatnikov–Lifshitz singularity Lifshitz theory of vanderWaalsforce Ferromagnetic resonance Premelting Some commonly encountered alternative...
perturbed upon adsorption. The fundamental interacting force of physisorption is VanderWaalsforce. Even though the interaction energy is very weak (~10–100 meV)...
function as an adhesive system. Their sticking power comes partly from VanderWaalsforce, and partly from an adhesive fluid secreted from the extremities...
surface, reducing the effective constant C {\displaystyle ~C~} of the vanderWaals attraction of atoms to the surface. Such interpretation leads to the...
discovery of the gecko's adhesion mechanism in 2002, which is based on vanderWaals forces, biomimetic adhesives have become the topic of a major research...
no microscopic force is needed to prevent this penetration. However these interactions are often modeled as vanderWaalsforce, a force that grows very...
would strongly adhere if brought into contact while in a vacuum (see VanderWaalsforce). Newly discovered micro- and nano-scale cold welding has shown potential...
attraction of tiny nanoparticles is weak enough that the surfactant's VanderWaalsforce is sufficient to prevent magnetic clumping or agglomeration. Ferrofluids...
attraction between a pair of electrically neutral metal plates. The vanderWaalsforce, which is partly due to the Casimir effect between two atoms. Vacuum...
atoms. Normally, this is only very weakly bound together by vanderWaals forces (a vanderWaals molecule). However, in an excited state, or ionised state...