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International judicial institutions can be divided into courts, arbitral tribunals and quasi-judicial institutions.[1][2][3][4] Courts are permanent bodies, with near the same composition for each case. Arbitral tribunals, by contrast, are constituted anew for each case. Both courts and arbitral tribunals can make binding decisions. Quasi-judicial institutions, by contrast, make rulings on cases, but these rulings are not in themselves legally binding; the main example is the individual complaints mechanisms available under the various UN human rights treaties.
Institutions can also be divided into global and regional institutions.
The listing below incorporates both currently existing institutions, defunct institutions that no longer exist, institutions which never came into existence due to non-ratification of their constitutive instruments, and institutions which do not yet exist, but for which constitutive instruments have been signed. It does not include mere proposed institutions for which no instrument was ever signed.
^Cohen, Harlan Grant; Grossman, Nienke; Follesdal, Andreas; Ulfstein, Geir (2018-02-22). Legitimacy and International Courts. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-108-42385-4.
^von Bogdandy, Armin; Venzke, Ingo (2013-06-07). "International judicial institutions in international relations: functions, authority and legitimacy". In Reinalda, Bob (ed.). Routledge Handbook of International Organization. Routledge. pp. 461–472. ISBN 978-1-134-11298-2.
^von Bogdandy, Armin; Venzke, Ingo (2012). "Beyond Dispute: International Judicial Institutions as Lawmakers". In von Bogdandy, Armin; Venzke, Ingo (eds.). International Judicial Lawmaking: On Public Authority and Democratic Legitimation in Global Governance. Vol. 236. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. pp. 3–33. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-29587-4_1. ISBN 978-3-642-29586-7. Retrieved 2022-09-23.
^Hernández, Gleider I. (2016-04-29). "International judicial lawmaking". In Brölmann, Catherine; Radi, Yannick (eds.). Research Handbook on the Theory and Practice of International Lawmaking. pp. 200–221. doi:10.4337/9781781953228.00020. ISBN 9781781953228.
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