An institution is a humanly devised structure of rules and norms that shape and constrain social behavior.[1][2][3][4] All definitions of institutions generally entail that there is a level of persistence and continuity.[5] Laws, rules, social conventions and norms are all examples of institutions.[6] Institutions vary in their level of formality and informality.[7][8]
Institutions are a principal object of study in social sciences such as political science, anthropology, economics, and sociology (the latter described by Émile Durkheim as the "science of institutions, their genesis and their functioning").[9] Primary or meta-institutions are institutions such as the family or money that are broad enough to encompass sets of related institutions. Institutions are also a central concern for law, the formal mechanism for political rule-making and enforcement. Historians study and document the founding, growth, decay and development of institutions as part of political, economic and cultural history.
^North, Douglass C. (1991). "Institutions". Journal of Economic Perspectives. 5 (1): 97–112. doi:10.1257/jep.5.1.97. ISSN 0895-3309.
^Cite error: The named reference :4 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Caporaso, James A.; Jupille, Joseph, eds. (2022), "Introduction: Theories of Institutions", Theories of Institutions, Cambridge University Press, pp. 1–15, doi:10.1017/9781139034142.001, ISBN 978-0-521-87929-3
^"Social Institutions". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. 2014. Retrieved 30 January 2015.
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^Durkheim, Émile [1895] The Rules of Sociological Method 8th edition, trans. Sarah A. Solovay and John M. Mueller, ed. George E. G. Catlin (1938, 1964 edition), p. 45
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