This article is one of a series documenting the anatomy of the
Human ear
Outer ear
Auricle
Ear canal
Middle ear
Tympanic membrane
Ossicles
Malleus
Incus
Stapes
Inner ear
Vestibules
Utricle
Saccule
Cochlea
Semicircular canals
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The inner ear (internal ear, auris interna) is the innermost part of the vertebrate ear. In vertebrates, the inner ear is mainly responsible for sound detection and balance.[1] In mammals, it consists of the bony labyrinth, a hollow cavity in the temporal bone of the skull with a system of passages comprising two main functional parts:[2]
The cochlea, dedicated to hearing; converting sound pressure patterns from the outer ear into electrochemical impulses which are passed on to the brain via the auditory nerve.
The vestibular system, dedicated to balance.
The inner ear is found in all vertebrates, with substantial variations in form and function. The inner ear is innervated by the eighth cranial nerve in all vertebrates.
^Torres, M., Giráldez, F. (1998) The development of the vertebrate inner ear. Mechanisms of Development 71 (1–2) pp. 5–21
The innerear (internal ear, auris interna) is the innermost part of the vertebrate ear. In vertebrates, the innerear is mainly responsible for sound...
parts: the outer ear, the middle ear and the innerear. The outer ear consists of the pinna and the ear canal. Since the outer ear is the only visible...
middle ear is the portion of the ear medial to the eardrum, and distal to the oval window of the cochlea (of the innerear). The mammalian middle ear contains...
efforts to equalise the ears using the Valsalva manoeuvre can overpressurise the middle ear, and can cause middle ear and/or innerear barotrauma. An explosive...
test of the ability of the middle ear to transmit sound waves from the outer ear to the middle ear and to the innerear. This test is usually abnormal with...
the outer ear, middle ear and mastoid, and innerear, and surrounding structures (such as the facial nerve and lateral skull base) Outer ear diseases Otitis...
38°50′38″N 77°05′22″W / 38.8439°N 77.0895°W / 38.8439; -77.0895 InnerEar Studios is a recording studio founded in Arlington, Virginia that has been...
Innerear decompression sickness, (IEDCS) or audiovestibular decompression sickness is a medical condition of the innerear caused by the formation of...
it is caused by disorders of the innerear or auditory nerve, it can be called "otic" (from the Greek word for ear). These otological or neurological...
system: the outer ear, the middle ear, and the innerear. The outer ear includes the pinna, the visible part of the ear, as well as the ear canal, which terminates...
Innerear regeneration is the biological process by which the hair cells and supporting cells (i.e. Hensen's cells and Deiters cells) of the ear proliferate...
sound before it hits the innerear; in general, the ossicles act as a barrier to the innerear for sound energy. Innerear fluid, called endolymph, receives...
known as outer, and inner hair cells. Damage to these hair cells results in decreased hearing sensitivity, and because the innerear hair cells cannot regenerate...
is a general term for inflammation in ear or ear infection, innerear infection, middle ear infection of the ear, in both humans and other animals. When...
interconnecting ear ossicles to the oval window of the innerear. The middle ear is connected to the perilymph (fluid) of the innerear via the oval window...
(SNHL) is a type of hearing loss in which the root cause lies in the innerear, sensory organ (cochlea and associated structures), or the vestibulocochlear...
oval window, which vibrates the perilymph liquid (present throughout the innerear) and causes the round window to bulb out as the oval window bulges in...
monitored by blood testing. Gentamicin can cause innerear problems and kidney problems. The innerear problems can include problems with balance and hearing...
third to the eighth week the face and neck develop. The innerear, middle ear and outer ear have distinct embryological origins. At about 22 days into...
fluid-filled channels in the innerear. Vestibular neuritis is inflammation of the vestibular nerve (the nerve in the innerear that sends messages related...
opening between the middle ear and the vestibule of the innerear. It is the smallest bone in the body. Studies have shown that ear bones in mammal embryos...
is a bone in the middle ear of humans and other animals which is involved in the conduction of sound vibrations to the innerear. This bone is connected...
osseous labyrinth or otic capsule) is the rigid, bony outer wall of the innerear in the temporal bone. It consists of three parts: the vestibule, semicircular...
Middle ear implants work by improving the conduction of sound vibrations from the middle ear to the innerear. There are two types of middle ear devices:...
stirrup), respectively. In reptiles, the eardrum is connected to the innerear via a single bone, the columella, while the upper and lower jaws contain...
The vestibule is the central part of the bony labyrinth in the innerear, and is situated medial to the eardrum, behind the cochlea, and in front of the...
cochlear Meniere's or cochlear endolymphatic hydrops) is a condition of the innerear involving a pathological increase of fluid affecting the cochlea. This...
Autoimmune innerear disease (AIED) was first defined by Dr. Brian McCabe in a landmark paper describing an autoimmune loss of hearing. The disease results...