Hydroxocobalamin, also known as vitamin B12a and hydroxycobalamin, is a vitamin found in food and used as a dietary supplement.[1] As a supplement it is used to treat vitamin B12 deficiency including pernicious anemia.[1][2] Other uses include treatment for cyanide poisoning, Leber's optic atrophy, and toxic amblyopia.[3][4] It is given by injection into a muscle or vein.[2]
Side effects are generally few.[2] They may include diarrhea, feeling sick, hot flushes, itchiness, low blood potassium, allergic reactions, and high blood pressure.[2] Normal doses are considered safe in pregnancy.[5] No overdosage or toxicity has been reported with this drug.[2] Hydroxocobalamin is the natural form of vitamin B12 and a member of the cobalamin family of compounds.[6][7] It is found in both raw and cooked beef, together with other cobalamins.[8] Hydroxocobalamin, or another form of vitamin B12, are required for the body to make DNA.[7]
Hydroxocobalamin was first isolated in 1949.[9] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[10] Hydroxocobalamin is available as a generic medication.[2] Commercially it is made using one of a number of types of bacteria.[11]
^ abWorld Health Organization (2009). Stuart MC, Kouimtzi M, Hill SR (eds.). WHO Model Formulary 2008. World Health Organization. p. 251. hdl:10665/44053. ISBN 9789241547659.
^ abcdef"Vitamin B12". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 30 December 2016. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
^MacLennan L, Moiemen N (February 2015). "Management of cyanide toxicity in patients with burns". Burns. 41 (1): 18–24. doi:10.1016/j.burns.2014.06.001. PMID 24994676.
^"Hydroxocobalamin 1mg in 1ml solution for injection - Summary of Product Characteristics (SPC) - (eMC)". www.medicines.org.uk. Archived from the original on 30 December 2016. Retrieved 30 December 2016.
^"Hydroxocobalamin Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 1 January 2017. Retrieved 30 December 2016.
^Bullock S, Manias E (2013). Fundamentals of Pharmacology. Pearson Higher Education AU. p. 862. ISBN 9781442564411. Archived from the original on 31 December 2016.
^ ab"Office of Dietary Supplements - Dietary Supplement Fact Sheet: Vitamin B12". ods.od.nih.gov. 11 February 2016. Archived from the original on 31 December 2016. Retrieved 30 December 2016.
^Czerwonka M, Szterk A, Waszkiewicz-Robak B (March 2014). "Vitamin B12 content in raw and cooked beef". Meat Science. 96 (3): 1371–1375. doi:10.1016/j.meatsci.2013.11.022. PMID 24361556.
^Eitenmiller RR, Landen WO (2010). Vitamin Analysis for the Health and Food Sciences. CRC Press. p. 467. ISBN 9781420050165. Archived from the original on 31 December 2016.
^World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
^"Vitamins, 6. B Vitamins". Ullmann's encyclopedia of industrial chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. 2011. ISBN 9783527303854.
Hydroxocobalamin, also known as vitamin B12a and hydroxycobalamin, is a vitamin found in food and used as a dietary supplement. As a supplement it is used...
overdosage or toxicity has been reported. It is less preferred than hydroxocobalamin for treating vitamin B 12 deficiency because it has slightly lower...
cyanocobalamin, the adenosyl ligand in vitamin B12 is replaced by cyanide. hydroxocobalamin, the adenosyl ligand in vitamin B12 is replaced by hydroxide. methylcobalamin...
Treatment involves supportive care and giving the person 100% oxygen. Hydroxocobalamin (vitamin B12a) appears to be useful as an antidote and is generally...
to one author, it is important to treat vitamin B12 deficiency with hydroxocobalamin or cyanocobalamin or a combination of adenosylcobalamin and methylcobalamin...
considered as an empirical treatment for cyanide poisoning, along with hydroxocobalamin. It is most effective in a pre-hospital setting, since immediate administration...
prove to hold regulatory function of DNA and RNA. Methylcobalamin Hydroxocobalamin Cyanocobalamin Vitamin B12 Cobalamin biosynthesis Nitric oxide Marsh...
interval of the doses, or the forms of vitamin B12 (e.g. cyanocobalamin/hydroxocobalamin). More comprehensive studies are still needed in order to validate...
sequester cyanide as cyanomethemoglobin. However, it has been replaced by hydroxocobalamin which had better efficacy, and the use of amyl nitrite has been found...
2018-11-02. Vale, J. A. (2001). "Cyanide Antidotes: from Amyl Nitrite to Hydroxocobalamin – Which Antidote is Best?". Toxicology. 168 (1): 37–38. Wilkerson,...
treated with injections of replacement vitamin B12 (methylcobalamin, hydroxocobalamin or cyanocobalamin). Achlorhydria is another autoimmune disease of the...
(CH3)3SiCN readily release HCN or the cyanide ion upon contact with water. Hydroxocobalamin reacts with cyanide to form cyanocobalamin, which can be safely eliminated...
(organophosphates), sodium bicarbonate (tricyclic antidepressants), and hydroxocobalamin (cyanide). Blood products and tranexamic acid in cases of hemorrhagic...
cases of cyanide poisoning and has largely been replaced by use of hydroxocobalamin. Hydroxycobalamin, a form of vitamin B12, but given in much higher...
Meillier, Andrew; Heller, Cara (2015). "Acute Cyanide Poisoning: Hydroxocobalamin and Sodium Thiosulfate Treatments with Two Outcomes following One Exposure...
sufficient thiosulfate, cyanide ions can quickly reach toxic levels. Hydroxocobalamin can be administered to reduce the risk of thiocyanate toxicity induced...
discontinued in 2012 in standard cyanide kits. Cyanide kits now use hydroxocobalamin. Poppers are legal in Australia, and from 2020, poppers can also be...
foreseen incident, such as the administration of sodium thiosulfate and hydroxocobalamin in the event of cyanide poisoning. In addition the mine was the first...
that have serious cobalamin issues should instead be treated with hydroxocobalamin or methylcobalamin.[citation needed] Cyanocobalamin deficiency is very...
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