Hydrous oxides are inorganic compounds of a metal, hydroxide, and weakly bound water. Some examples include:
Hydrous ferric oxide (HFO)[1]
Hydrous cupric oxide[2]
Hydrous thorium oxide (THO) and hydrous titanium oxide (TiHO) [3]
Hydrous aluminum oxide (HAO)[4]
Some of them, such as HFO and HAO, are precipitated in highly porous poorly crystalline or amorphous forms and therefore are good adsorbents used for example in water treatment.[5]
Some others are gels.
Hydrous oxide films may be used an various applications such as electrocatalysis, supercapacitors, and sensors.[6][7]
HFO and HAO may also result from oxidative weathering of rocks to produce iron an aluminum hydrous oxide clay soils.[8]
^Weiser, H. B. (1920). "Hydrous Oxides. I". The Journal of Physical Chemistry. 24 (4): 277–328. doi:10.1021/j150202a003.
^Weiser, H. B. (1923). "Hydrous Oxides. V". The Journal of Physical Chemistry. 27 (6): 501–532. doi:10.1021/j150231a001.
^Heitner-Wirguin, C.; Albu-Yaron, A. (1966). "Hydrous oxides and their cation exchange properties—II Structure and equilibrium experiments". Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry. 28 (10): 2379–2384. doi:10.1016/0022-1902(66)80129-X.
^Karthikeyan, K.G; Elliott, Herschel A. (1999). "Surface Complexation Modeling of Copper Sorption by Hydrous Oxides of Iron and Aluminum". Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. 220 (1): 88–95. Bibcode:1999JCIS..220...88K. doi:10.1006/jcis.1999.6507. PMID 10550244.
^Benjamin, Mark M.; Lawler, Desmond F. (13 June 2013). Water Quality Engineering: Physical / Chemical Treatment Processes. ISBN 9781118632277.
^Paunovic, Milan; Scherson, Daniel (1997). Proceedings of the Third Symposium on Electrochemically Deposited Thin Films. ISBN 9781566771696.
^Brandon, Erik J. (2003). Micropower and Microdevices: Proceedings of the International Symposium. ISBN 9781566773874.
^Rycroft, David W.; Amer, M. H. (1995). Prospects for the Drainage of Clay Soils. ISBN 9789251036242.
ferric oxide (HFO) Hydrous cupric oxideHydrous thorium oxide (THO) and hydrous titanium oxide (TiHO) Hydrous aluminum oxide (HAO) Some of them, such as HFO...
Efflorescence Hygroscopy Mineral hydration Water of crystallization Hemihydrate Hydrousoxide Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements...
are heavy neutron absorbers like Eu, Sm, Gd, Dy in the material. Hydrousoxide (oxide-hydroxide) Wang, Kristen; Wu, Zili; Jiang, De-en (2022). "Ammonia...
includes organic matter, silicate clay, and hydrousoxides of iron and aluminum. Illuvial deposits of clays, oxides, and organics accumulate in subsoil as...
presence of water or air moisture. Rust consists of hydrous iron(III) oxides (Fe2O3·nH2O) and iron(III) oxide-hydroxide (FeO(OH), Fe(OH)3), and is typically...
copper(II) sulfate has a light turquoise tint. Hydrate Mineral hydration Hydrousoxide Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements...
name for hard black manganese oxides including hollandite and romanechite. Psilomelane consists of hydrous manganese oxide with variable amounts of barium...
Uranium trioxide (UO3), also called uranyl oxide, uranium(VI) oxide, and uranic oxide, is the hexavalent oxide of uranium. The solid may be obtained by...
(1962). Physico chemical studies on the interaction of metals and their hydrousoxide sols with proteins. Department of Chemistry Aligarh Muslim University...
lanthanides and actinides, which are readily hydrolyzed to form insoluble (hydrous) oxides. As these are solids, it is apparent that they are not solvated. Strong...
hydrolyzed species form and as it rises above 2–3, reddish-brown hydrous iron(III) oxide precipitates out of solution. Although Fe3+ has a d5 configuration...
soils and indirectly increase aggregate stability. Iron and aluminum hydrousoxides (or sesquioxides) can act as a cementing agents to form aggregates >100...
Vermiculite is a hydrous phyllosilicate mineral which undergoes significant expansion when heated. Exfoliation (other links: A, B) occurs when the mineral...
company SOMAIR, a Niger uranium mining and processing company Vanadium(V) oxide, hydrous precipitates of which are known as "redcake" Gil, Laura (2018), "Uranium...
is a widespread hydrous ferric oxyhydroxide mineral at the Earth's surface; Hematite Limonite Goethite Lepidocrocite Ferric oxide Ferrihydrite Krivovichev...
common ethanol fuel mixtures are in use around the world. The use of pure hydrous or anhydrous ethanol in internal combustion engines (ICEs) is only possible...
Melanterite is a mineral form of hydrous iron(II) sulfate: FeSO4·7H2O. It is the iron analogue of the copper sulfate chalcanthite. It alters to siderotil...
plant roots these ions rapidly form insoluble calcium phosphates or hydrousoxides of iron and aluminum. Phosphorus is largely immobile in the soil and...
natural hydrous zinc phosphate called tarbuttite, Zn2(PO4)(OH). Both are known from oxidation zones of Zn ore beds and were formed through oxidation of sphalerite...
sulfides, or as oxidation products of sulfides. Sulfates can be subdivided into anhydrous and hydrous minerals. The most common hydrous sulfate by far...
red algae, but later it was proven to be due to iron oxides. Poorly soluble hydrous ferric oxides are deposited at the surface of ice after the ferrous...
Global Information