Transmission electron micrograph of human coronavirus OC43
Virus classification
(unranked):
Virus
Realm:
Riboviria
Kingdom:
Orthornavirae
Phylum:
Pisuviricota
Class:
Pisoniviricetes
Order:
Nidovirales
Family:
Coronaviridae
Genus:
Betacoronavirus
Subgenus:
Embecovirus
Species:
Betacoronavirus 1
Virus:
Human coronavirus OC43
Human coronavirus OC43[1] (HCoV-OC43) is a member of the species Betacoronavirus 1, which infects humans and cattle.[2][3] The infecting coronavirus is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus that enters its host cell by binding to the N-acetyl-9-O-acetylneuraminic acid receptor.[4] OC43 is one of seven coronaviruses known to infect humans. It is one of the viruses responsible for the common cold[5][6] and may have been responsible for the 1889–1890 pandemic.[7] It has, like other coronaviruses from genus Betacoronavirus, subgenus Embecovirus, an additional shorter spike protein called hemagglutinin-esterase (HE).[8][2]
^Lee, Paul (2007). Molecular epidemiology of human coronavirus OC43 in Hong Kong (Thesis). The University of Hong Kong Libraries. doi:10.5353/th_b4501128 (inactive 2024-04-12). hdl:10722/131538.{{cite thesis}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of April 2024 (link)
^Lim, Yvonne Xinyi; Ng, Yan Ling; Tam, James P.; Liu, Ding Xiang (2016-07-25). "Human Coronaviruses: A Review of Virus–Host Interactions". Diseases. 4 (3): 26. doi:10.3390/diseases4030026. PMC 5456285. PMID 28933406. See Table 1.
^Li, Fang (2016-09-29). "Structure, Function, and Evolution of Coronavirus Spike Proteins". Annual Review of Virology. 3 (1): 237–261. doi:10.1146/annurev-virology-110615-042301. PMC 5457962. PMID 27578435. BCoV S1-NTD does not recognize galactose as galectins do. Instead, it recognizes 5-N-acetyl-9-O-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5,9Ac2) (30, 43). The same sugar receptor is also recognized by human coronavirus OC43 (43, 99). OC43 and BCoV are closely related genetically, and OC43 might have resulted from zoonotic spillover of BCoV (100, 101).
^Lau, Susanna K. P.; Lee, Paul; Tsang, Alan K. L.; Yip, Cyril C. Y.; Tse, Herman; Lee, Rodney A.; So, Lok-Yee; Lau, Y.-L.; Chan, Kwok-Hung; Woo, Patrick C. Y.; Yuen, Kwok-Yung (2011). "Molecular Epidemiology of Human Coronavirus OC43 Reveals Evolution of Different Genotypes over Time and Recent Emergence of a Novel Genotype due to Natural Recombination". Journal of Virology. 85 (21): 11325–37. doi:10.1128/JVI.05512-11. PMC 3194943. PMID 21849456.
^Gaunt, E.R.; Hardie, A.; Claas, E.C.J.; Simmonds, P.; Templeton, K.E. (2010). "Epidemiology and clinical presentations of the four human coronaviruses 229E, HKU1, NL63, and OC43 detected over 3 years using a novel multiplex real-time PCR method". J Clin Microbiol. 48 (8): 2940–7. doi:10.1128/JCM.00636-10. PMC 2916580. PMID 20554810.
^Brüssow, Harald; Brüssow, Lütz (13 July 2021). "Clinical evidence that the pandemic from 1889 to 1891 commonly called the Russian flu might have been an earlier coronavirus pandemic". Microbial Biotechnology. 14 (5): 1860–1870. doi:10.1111/1751-7915.13889. PMC 8441924. PMID 34254725.
^Woo, Patrick C. Y.; Huang, Yi; Lau, Susanna K. P.; Yuen, Kwok-Yung (2010-08-24). "Coronavirus Genomics and Bioinformatics Analysis". Viruses. 2 (8): 1804–20. doi:10.3390/v2081803. PMC 3185738. PMID 21994708. In all members of Betacoronavirus subgroup A, a haemagglutinin esterase (HE) gene, which encodes a glycoprotein with neuraminate O-acetyl-esterase activity and the active site FGDS, is present downstream to ORF1ab and upstream to S gene (Figure 1).
and 24 Related for: Human coronavirus OC43 information
HumancoronavirusOC43 (HCoV-OC43) is a member of the species Betacoronavirus 1, which infects humans and cattle. The infecting coronavirus is an enveloped...
infections, humancoronavirusOC43 is also suspected of playing a role in neurological diseases. In the 1950s, the humancoronavirusOC43 began to diverge...
enters its host cell by binding to the APN receptor. Along with HumancoronavirusOC43 (a member of the Betacoronavirus genus), it is one of the viruses...
Humancoronavirus HKU1 (HCoV-HKU1) is a species of coronavirus in humans and animals. It causes an upper respiratory disease with symptoms of the common...
Humancoronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63) is a species of coronavirus, specifically a Setracovirus from among the Alphacoronavirus genus. It was identified in...
nucleocapsid, and envelope proteins). BCoV has 95% similarity with humancoronavirusOC43 and 93% to porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus. According...
the coronaviruses of dog (Canine respiratory coronavirus), cattle (Bovine coronavirus), and human (HCoV-OC43) share over 98% similarities, suggesting their...
Eric F. (1 December 2012). "Evidence Supporting a Zoonotic Origin of HumanCoronavirus Strain NL63". Journal of Virology. 86 (23): 12816–12825. doi:10.1128/JVI...
but is clearly distinct from the other families infecting humans. Viruses known to infect humans that have not been associated with disease: the family Anelloviridae...
that is currently known as Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus which, per the 2021 mandate from the ICTV, will also receive a binomial...
"Structural and Functional Analysis of the Surface Protein of HumanCoronavirusOC43". Virology. 195 (1): 195–202. doi:10.1006/viro.1993.1360. PMC 7130786...
Coronavirus diseases are caused by viruses in the coronavirus subfamily, a group of related RNA viruses that cause diseases in mammals and birds. In humans...
Similarly, the humancoronavirusOC43, the main cause of the common cold, can use the pig as a zoonotic reservoir, constantly reinfecting the human population...
coronavirus is an important pathogen in the laboratory mouse and the laboratory rat. It is the most studied coronavirus in animals other than humans,...
human coronaviruses (HCoV) known to be endemic: 229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1. In May 2013, the Coronavirus Study Group of the International Committee on Taxonomy...
in dogs. Known as canine respiratory coronavirus (CRCoV) and found to be similar to strain OC43 of bovine and human coronaviruses, it was first isolated...
[needs update] Atovaquone has also been found to inhibit humancoronavirusOC43 and feline coronavirus in vitro. In newer researches, atovaquone did not demonstrate...
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