Galaxy morphological classification scheme advocated by Edwin Hubble
The Hubble sequence is a morphological classification scheme for galaxies published by Edwin Hubble in 1926.[1][2][3][4] It is often colloquially known as the Hubble tuning-fork diagram because the shape in which it is traditionally represented resembles a tuning fork.
It was invented by John Henry Reynolds and Sir James Jeans.[5]
Tuning-fork style diagram of the Hubble sequence
The tuning fork scheme divided regular galaxies into three broad classes – ellipticals, lenticulars and spirals – based on their visual appearance (originally on photographic plates). A fourth class contains galaxies with an irregular appearance. The Hubble sequence is the most commonly used system for classifying galaxies, both in professional astronomical research and in amateur astronomy.
^Hubble, E.P. (1926). "Extra-galactic nebulae". Contributions from the Mount Wilson Observatory / Carnegie Institution of Washington. 324: 1–49. Bibcode:1926CMWCI.324....1H.
^Cite error: The named reference hubble27 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Hubble, E.P. (1936). The realm of the nebulae. Mrs. Hepsa Ely Silliman memorial lectures. Vol. 25. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300025002. LCCN 36018182. OCLC 611263346 – via Internet Archive (archive.org). Hubble, Edwin Powell (January 1982). Alt source. Yale University Press. ISBN 0300025009 – via Google Books.
^Block, David L.; Freeman, Ken C. (2015) [14 November 2014]. Freeman, Kenneth; Elmegreen, Bruce; Block, David; Woolway, Matthew (eds.). Lessons from the Local Group. 2014 International conference honoring David Block and Bruce Elmegreen, focusing on the Local Group as an example of galactic-scale processes (softcover ed.). Switzerland: Springer Cham / Springer International Publishing (published 10 September 2016). pp. 1–20. Bibcode:2015llg..book....1B. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-10614-4_1. ISBN 978-3-319-37812-1; (hardcover ed.) ISBN 978-3-319-10613-7 (published 3 December 2014); ADS abstract. Harvard University. 2015. Bibcode:2015llg..book....1B. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
Hubblesequence is a morphological classification scheme for galaxies published by Edwin Hubble in 1926. It is often colloquially known as the Hubble...
according to their morphologies, the most famous being the Hubblesequence, devised by Edwin Hubble and later expanded by Gérard de Vaucouleurs and Allan Sandage...
Edwin Powell Hubble (November 20, 1889 – September 28, 1953) was an American astronomer. He played a crucial role in establishing the fields of extragalactic...
Irregular galaxies do not fall into any of the regular classes of the Hubblesequence, and they are often chaotic in appearance, with neither a nuclear bulge...
barred spiral galaxy. Edwin Hubble classified spiral galaxies of this type as "SB" (spiral, barred) in his Hubblesequence and arranged them into sub-categories...
galaxy types based on their appearance is given by the Hubblesequence. Since the Hubblesequence is entirely based upon visual morphological type (shape)...
originally described by Edwin Hubble in his 1936 work The Realm of the Nebulae and, as such, form part of the Hubblesequence. Most spiral galaxies consist...
are one of the four main classes of galaxy described by Edwin Hubble in his Hubblesequence and 1936 work The Realm of the Nebulae, along with spiral and...
are labeled as SAB0, SABa, SABb, or SABc, following a sequence analogous to the Hubblesequence for barred and unbarred spirals. The subtype (0, a, b...
star spectral classification and discovery of the main sequence, Hubble's law and the Hubblesequence were all made with spectrographs that used photographic...
larger amateur telescopes under excellent conditions. In the modified Hubblesequence galaxy morphological classification scheme of the French astronomer...
Hubble's law and the discovery of the expanding Universe were his greatest achievements. His classification scheme for galaxies, the Hubblesequence,...
elliptical galaxies, which results in their intermediate placement on the Hubblesequence. This results from lenticulars having both prominent disk and bulge...
actually distant galaxies with a wide range of morphologies (see Hubblesequence). Despite Hubble's discovery that the universe was teeming with galaxies, a majority...
distances to the 'nebulae' (galaxies) by Edwin Hubble in a work published in 1929. Earlier in the 20th century, Hubble and others resolved individual stars within...
Catalog (GSC), also known as the Hubble Space Telescope, Guide Catalog (HSTGC), is a star catalog compiled to support the Hubble Space Telescope with targeting...
Ancient Cluster". ESA/Hubble Picture of the Week. Retrieved 30 January 2012. "Hubble Catches up with a Blue Straggler Star". Hubble News Desk. 1997-10-29...
telescopes are needed in order to see the galaxy's halo. In the updated Hubblesequence galaxy morphological classification scheme by the French astronomer...
Kennicutt, R. C. Jr. (December 1981), "The shapes of spiral arms along the Hubblesequence", The Astronomical Journal, 86, American Astronomical Society: 1847...
instruments allow it to view objects too old, distant, or faint for the Hubble Space Telescope. This enables investigations across many fields of astronomy...
A red dwarf is the smallest kind of star on the main sequence. Red dwarfs are by far the most common type of fusing star in the Milky Way, at least in...
(M33). These were followed up by Edwin Hubble with three more in 1926: A, B, and C in M33. Then in 1929 Hubble added a list of variables detected in M31...
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