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Edwin Powell Hubble (November 20, 1889 – September 28, 1953)[1] was an American astronomer. He played a crucial role in establishing the fields of extragalactic astronomy and observational cosmology.[2][3]
Hubble proved that many objects previously thought to be clouds of dust and gas and classified as "nebulae" were actually galaxies beyond the Milky Way.[4] He used the strong direct relationship between a classical Cepheid variable's luminosity and pulsation period[5][6] (discovered in 1908 by Henrietta Swan Leavitt[7]) for scaling galactic and extragalactic distances.[8][9]
Hubble provided evidence that the recessional velocity of a galaxy increases with its distance from Earth, a property now known as Hubble's law, although it had been proposed two years earlier by Georges Lemaître.[10] The Hubble law implies that the universe is expanding.[11] A decade before, the American astronomer Vesto Slipher had provided the first evidence that the light from many of these nebulae was strongly red-shifted, indicative of high recession velocities.[12][13]
Hubble's name is most widely recognized for the Hubble Space Telescope, which was named in his honor, with a model prominently displayed in his hometown of Marshfield, Missouri.
^"Biography of Edwin Hubble (1889–1953)". NASA. Archived from the original on June 30, 2011. Retrieved June 21, 2011.
^Redd, Nola Taylor. "Famous Astronomers | List of Great Scientists in Astronomy". SPACE.com. Perch. Retrieved April 6, 2018.
^Reese, Riley. "Most Influential Astronomers of All Time". Futurism. Jerrick Ventures LLC. Retrieved April 6, 2018.
^Udalski, A.; Soszynski, I.; Szymanski, M.; Kubiak, M.; Pietrzynski, G.; Wozniak, P.; Zebrun, K. (1999). "The Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment. Cepheids in the Magellanic Clouds. IV. Catalog of Cepheids from the Large Magellanic Cloud". Acta Astronomica. 49: 223–317. arXiv:astro-ph/9908317. Bibcode:1999AcA....49..223U.
^Soszynski, I.; Poleski, R.; Udalski, A.; Szymanski, M. K.; Kubiak, M.; Pietrzynski, G.; Wyrzykowski, L.; Szewczyk, O.; Ulaczyk, K. (2008). "The Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment. The OGLE-III Catalog of Variable Stars. I. Classical Cepheids in the Large Magellanic Cloud". Acta Astronomica. 58: 163. arXiv:0808.2210. Bibcode:2008AcA....58..163S.
^Leavitt, Henrietta S. (1908). "1777 variables in the Magellanic Clouds". Annals of Harvard College Observatory. 60: 87. Bibcode:1908AnHar..60...87L.
^Freedman, Wendy L.; Madore, Barry F.; Gibson, Brad K.; Ferrarese, Laura; Kelson, Daniel D.; Sakai, Shoko; Mould, Jeremy R.; Kennicutt, Jr., Robert C.; Ford, Holland C.; Graham, John A.; Huchra, John P.; Hughes, Shaun M. G.; Illingworth, Garth D.; Macri, Lucas M.; Stetson, Peter B. (2001). "Final Results from the Hubble Space Telescope Key Project to Measure the Hubble Constant". The Astrophysical Journal. 553 (1): 47–72. arXiv:astro-ph/0012376. Bibcode:2001ApJ...553...47F. doi:10.1086/320638. S2CID 119097691.
^Freedman, Wendy L.; Madore, Barry F. (2010). "The Hubble Constant". Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics. 48: 673–710. arXiv:1004.1856. Bibcode:2010ARA&A..48..673F. doi:10.1146/annurev-astro-082708-101829. S2CID 119263173.
^"Astronomer Sleuth Solves Mystery of Big Cosmos Discovery by Nola Taylor Redd, Space.com, November 14, 2011". Space.com. November 14, 2011.
^Hubble, Edwin (1929). "A relation between distance and radial velocity among extra-galactic nebulae". PNAS. 15 (3): 168–173. Bibcode:1929PNAS...15..168H. doi:10.1073/pnas.15.3.168. PMC 522427. PMID 16577160.
^Segal, I.E. (December 1993). "Geometric derivation of the chronometric redshift". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 90 (23): 11114–11116. Bibcode:1993PNAS...9011114S. doi:10.1073/pnas.90.23.11114. PMC 47932. PMID 11607440.
Edwin Powell Hubble (November 20, 1889 – September 28, 1953) was an American astronomer. He played a crucial role in establishing the fields of extragalactic...
as a public relations boon for astronomy. The Hubble telescope is named after astronomer EdwinHubble and is one of NASA's Great Observatories. The Space...
according to their morphologies, the most famous being the Hubble sequence, devised by EdwinHubble and later expanded by Gérard de Vaucouleurs and Allan Sandage...
In cosmology, a Hubble volume (named for the astronomer EdwinHubble) or Hubble sphere, Hubble bubble, subluminal sphere, causal sphere and sphere of causality...
Hubble sequence is a morphological classification scheme for galaxies published by EdwinHubble in 1926. It is often colloquially known as the Hubble...
was confirmed in the early 20th century by Vesto Slipher, EdwinHubble, and others. EdwinHubble discovered that most nebulae are associated with stars and...
They are one of the four main classes of galaxy described by EdwinHubble in his Hubble sequence and 1936 work The Realm of the Nebulae, along with spiral...
extra-galactic object. Using the new 100-inch Mt. Wilson telescope, EdwinHubble was able to resolve the outer parts of some spiral nebulae as collections...
the astronomers Harlow Shapley and Heber Doust Curtis, observations by EdwinHubble showed that the Milky Way is just one of many galaxies. In the Babylonian...
a measuring stick with vastly greater reach. After Leavitt's death, EdwinHubble found Cepheids in several nebulae, including the Andromeda Nebula, and...
the manner and circumstances of its beginning. Observations made by EdwinHubble during the 1930s–1950s found that galaxies appeared to be moving away...
diplomat, provincial governor Edwin N. Hubbell (1815–1897), American politician EdwinHubble (1889–1953), American astronomer Edwin Jackson (baseball) (born...
Calculations by Ejnar Hertzsprung in 1913 lend credence to that hypothesis. EdwinHubble further distinguished between the emission and reflection nebulae in...
view at the time. Einstein's cosmological constant was abandoned after EdwinHubble's confirmation that the universe was expanding. From the 1930s until the...
classified as a barred spiral galaxy. EdwinHubble classified spiral galaxies of this type as "SB" (spiral, barred) in his Hubble sequence and arranged them into...
journalist and American television host George Stephanopolous, astronomer EdwinHubble, author Naomi Wolf, musician Kris Kristofferson, Jamaican Minister of...
distribution of matter throughout the universe. Further, observations made by EdwinHubble in 1929 showed that the universe appears to be expanding and is not static...
name for the anti-gravity force, was added to the theory of relativity. EdwinHubble working in the Mount Wilson Observatory took measurements of the distances...
galaxy originally described by EdwinHubble in his 1936 work The Realm of the Nebulae and, as such, form part of the Hubble sequence. Most spiral galaxies...
Bibcode:1999GReGr..31.1991F. doi:10.1023/A:1026751225741. S2CID 122950995. Hubble, Edwin (15 March 1929). "A Relation Between Distance and Radial Velocity Among...
Well-known Missourians include Chuck Berry, Sheryl Crow, Walt Disney, EdwinHubble, Nelly, Brad Pitt, Harry S. Truman, and Mark Twain. Some of the largest...
consisted entirely of the Milky Way Galaxy. Using the Hooker Telescope, EdwinHubble identified Cepheid variables in several spiral nebulae and in 1922–1923...
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