Surgery is the branch of medicine that deals with the physical manipulation of a bodily structure to diagnose, prevent, or cure an ailment. Ambroise Paré, a 16th-century French surgeon, stated that to perform surgery is, "To eliminate that which is superfluous, restore that which has been dislocated, separate that which has been united, join that which has been divided and repair the defects of nature."
Since humans first learned how to make and handle tools, they have employed their talents to develop surgical techniques, each time more sophisticated than the last; however, until the Industrial Revolution, surgeons were incapable of overcoming the three principal obstacles which had plagued the medical profession from its infancy—bleeding, pain and infection. Advances in these fields have transformed surgery from a risky "art" into a scientific discipline capable of treating many diseases and conditions.
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Surgery is the branch of medicine that deals with the physical manipulation of a bodily structure to diagnose, prevent, or cure an ailment. Ambroise Paré...
Cataract surgery has a long history in Europe, Asia, and Africa. It is one of the most common and successful surgical procedures in worldwide use, thanks...
the surgery is typically a person (i.e. a patient), but can also be a non-human animal (i.e. veterinary surgery). The act of performing surgery may be...
reconstructive surgery and cosmetic surgery. Reconstructive surgery includes craniofacial surgery, hand surgery, microsurgery, and the treatment of burns. While...
Cardiac surgery, or cardiovascular surgery, is surgery on the heart or great vessels performed by cardiac surgeons. It is often used to treat complications...
bandaid surgery, or keyhole surgery, is a modern surgical technique. There are a number of advantages to the patient with laparoscopic surgery versus an...
result, have been called the Father ofSurgery by various sources. Sushruta (IAST: Suśruta), the purported author of the Sanskrit-language Sushruta Samhita...
Cardiothoracic surgery is the field of medicine involved in surgical treatment of organs inside the thoracic cavity — generally treatment of conditions of the heart...
Oral and maxillofacial surgery is a surgical specialty focusing on reconstructive surgeryof the face, facial trauma surgery, the oral cavity (mouth)...
Orthopedic surgery or orthopedics (alternative spelling orthopaedics) is the branch ofsurgery concerned with conditions involving the musculoskeletal...
Cataract surgery, also called lens replacement surgery, is the removal of the natural lens of the eye that has developed a cataract, an opaque or cloudy...
Bariatric surgery (or metabolic surgery or weight loss surgery) is a medical term for surgical procedures used to manage obesity and obesity-related conditions...
Guts: A HistoryofSurgery. BBC Books - Random House. p. 62. ISBN 9781407024530. Hollingham, Richard (2008). Blood and Guts: A HistoryofSurgery. BBC Books...
other spectators could watch surgeons perform surgery. Contemporary operating rooms are usually devoid of a theater setting, making the term "operating...
or neurological surgery, known in common parlance as brain surgery, is the medical specialty concerned with the surgical treatment of disorders which...
A ghost surgery is a surgery in which the person who performs the operation, the "ghost surgeon" or "ghost doctor", is not the surgeon that was hired for...
Eye surgery, also known as ophthalmic surgery or ocular surgery, is surgery performed on the eye or its adnexa. Eye surgery is part of ophthalmology and...
Outpatient surgery, also known as ambulatory surgery, day surgery, day case surgery, or same-day surgery, is surgery that does not require an overnight...
The Annals ofSurgery is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal of surgical science and practice. It was started in 1885 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins...
cardiovascular surgery where it refined the management of just the vessels, no longer treating the heart or other organs. Modern vascular surgery includes open...
surgery, developed in 1938 by a general surgeon, Frederic E. Mohs, is microscopically controlled surgery used to treat both common and rare types of skin...
general term for surgery requiring an operating microscope. The most obvious developments have been procedures developed to allow anastomosis of successively...
Orthognathic surgery (/ˌɔːrθəɡˈnæθɪk/), also known as corrective jaw surgery or simply jaw surgery, is surgery designed to correct conditions of the jaw and...