Cumulative emotional harm to individuals or generations
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Historical trauma (HT), as used by psychotherapists, social workers, historians, and psychologists, refers to the cumulative emotional harm of an individual or generation caused by a traumatic experience or event. Historical Trauma Response (HTR) refers to the manifestation of emotions and actions that stem from this perceived trauma.
According to its advocates, HTR is exhibited in a variety of ways, most prominently through substance abuse, which is used as a vehicle for attempting to numb pain. This model seeks to use this to explain other self-destructive behavior, such as suicidal thoughts and gestures, depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, anger, violence, and difficulty recognizing and expressing emotions. Many historians and scholars believe the manifestations of violence and abuse in certain communities are directly associated with the unresolved grief that accompanies continued trauma.[1]
Historical trauma, and its manifestations, are seen as an example of transgenerational trauma (though the existence of transgenerational trauma itself is disputed). For example, a pattern of paternal abandonment of a child might be seen across three generations,[2] or the actions of an abusive parent might be seen in continued abuse across generations. These manifestations can also stem from the trauma of events, such as the witnessing of war, genocide, or death. For these populations that have witnessed these mass level traumas, several generations later these populations tend to have higher rates of disease.[3]
Maria Yellow Horse Brave Heart first developed the concept of historical trauma while working with Lakota communities in the 1980s. Since then, many other researchers have developed the concept and applied it to other populations, such as African Americans and Holocaust survivors.[citation needed]
^Heart, Maria Yellow Horse Brave (March 2003). "The Historical Trauma Response Among Natives and Its Relationship with Substance Abuse: A Lakota Illustration". Journal of Psychoactive Drugs. 35 (1): 7–13. doi:10.1080/02791072.2003.10399988. PMID 12733753. S2CID 144191283.
^Abrams, Madeleine Seifter (April 1999). "Intergenerational Transmission of Trauma: Recent Contributions from the Literature of Family Systems Approaches to Treatment". American Journal of Psychotherapy. 53 (2): 225–231. doi:10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.1999.53.2.225. PMID 10415992.
^Sotero, Michelle (Fall 2006). "A Conceptual Model of Historical Trauma: Implications for Public Health Practice and Research". Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice. 1 (1): 93–108. SSRN 1350062.
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