Structure formula of one of the many sulfation patterns of the heparan sulfate subunit
Heparan sulfate (HS) is a linear polysaccharide found in all animal tissues.[1] It occurs as a proteoglycan (HSPG, i.e. Heparan Sulfate ProteoGlycan) in which two or three HS chains are attached in close proximity to cell surface or extracellular matrix proteins.[2][3] In this form, HS binds to a variety of protein ligands, including Wnt,[4][5] and regulates a wide range of biological activities, including developmental processes, angiogenesis, blood coagulation, abolishing detachment activity by GrB (Granzyme B),[6] and tumour metastasis. HS has also been shown to serve as cellular receptor for a number of viruses, including the respiratory syncytial virus.[7] One study suggests that cellular heparan sulfate has a role in SARS-CoV-2 Infection, particularly when the virus attaches with ACE2.[8]
^Medeiros GF, Mendes A, Castro RA, Baú EC, Nader HB, Dietrich CP (July 2000). "Distribution of sulfated glycosaminoglycans in the animal kingdom: widespread occurrence of heparin-like compounds in invertebrates". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects. 1475 (3): 287–94. doi:10.1016/S0304-4165(00)00079-9. PMID 10913828.
^Gallagher JT, Lyon M (2000). "Molecular structure of Heparan Sulfate and interactions with growth factors and morphogens". In Iozzo MV (ed.). Proteoglycans: structure, biology and molecular interactions. New York, New York: Marcel Dekker Inc. pp. 27–59.
^Iozzo RV (1998). "Matrix proteoglycans: from molecular design to cellular function". Annual Review of Biochemistry. 67: 609–52. doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem.67.1.609. PMID 9759499. S2CID 14638091.
^Gao W, Kim H, Feng M, Phung Y, Xavier CP, Rubin JS, Ho M (August 2014). "Inactivation of Wnt signaling by a human antibody that recognizes the heparan sulfate chains of glypican-3 for liver cancer therapy". Hepatology. 60 (2): 576–87. doi:10.1002/hep.26996. PMC 4083010. PMID 24492943.
^Cite error: The named reference Gao 26245 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Buzza MS, Zamurs L, Sun J, Bird CH, Smith AI, Trapani JA, et al. (June 2005). "Extracellular matrix remodeling by human granzyme B via cleavage of vitronectin, fibronectin, and laminin". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 280 (25): 23549–58. doi:10.1074/jbc.M412001200. PMID 15843372.
^Hallak LK, Spillmann D, Collins PL, Peeples ME (November 2000). "Glycosaminoglycan sulfation requirements for respiratory syncytial virus infection". Journal of Virology. 74 (22): 10508–13. doi:10.1128/JVI.74.22.10508-10513.2000. PMC 110925. PMID 11044095.
^Clausen TM, Sandoval DR, Spliid CB, Pihl J, Perrett HR, Painter CD, et al. (14 September 2020). "SARS-CoV-2 Infection Depends on Cellular Heparan Sulfate and ACE2". The Journal of Cell. 183 (4): 1043–1057.e15. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.09.033. PMC 7489987. PMID 32970989.
Heparansulfate (HS) is a linear polysaccharide found in all animal tissues. It occurs as a proteoglycan (HSPG, i.e. HeparanSulfate ProteoGlycan) in which...
and collagen XVIII are the main proteins to which heparansulfate is attached. Chondroitin sulfates contribute to the tensile strength of cartilage, tendons...
Heparansulfate analogues are polymers engineered to mimic several properties of heparansulfates. They can be constituted with a backbone of polysaccharides...
their core disaccharide structures: Heparin/heparansulfate (HSGAGs) Chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate (CSGAGs) which along with HSGAGs are synthesized...
alterations in factor Xa. Danaparoid, a mixture of heparansulfate, dermatan sulfate, and chondroitin sulfate can be used as an anticoagulant in patients having...
glycosaminoglycan is joined through a tetrasaccharide bridge (e.g. chondroitin sulfate-GlcA-Gal-Gal-Xyl-PROTEIN). The Ser residue is generally in the sequence...
conditions.[citation needed] A urinalysis can show elevated levels of heparansulfate in the urine. All four types of Sanfilippo syndrome show increased...
iduronate-2-sulfatase (I2S). The lack of this enzyme causes heparansulfate and dermatan sulfate to accumulate in all body tissues. Hunter syndrome is the...
also known as basement membrane-specific heparansulfate proteoglycan core protein (HSPG) or heparansulfate proteoglycan 2 (HSPG2), is a protein that...
to heparin and to heparansulfate. Thus, some are sequestered in the extracellular matrix of tissues that contains heparansulfate proteoglycans and are...
Heparansulfate 6-O-sulfotransferase 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HS6ST2 gene. Heparansulfate proteoglycans are ubiquitous components...
binds to the glycosaminoglycan heparansulfate (HS) at the cell surface. However, in contrast to many other heparansulfate binding proteins, where binding...
from porcine digestive mucosa and is composed of a mixture of 80% heparansulfate (an electrophoretically fast moving fraction with a low molecular weight...
alteration of a different enzyme needed to completely break down the heparansulfate sugar chain. Little clinical difference exists between these four types...
encoded by the SDC1 gene. The protein is a transmembrane (type I) heparansulfate proteoglycan and is a member of the syndecan proteoglycan family. The...
Bifunctional heparansulfate N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase 1 is an enzyme. In humans, it is encoded by the NDST1 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89:...
cell-surface and within the extracellular matrix to degrade polymeric heparansulfate molecules into shorter chain length oligosaccharides. The protein is...
biology, fractones are structures consisting primarily of laminin and heparansulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) first discovered in the extracellular matrix niche...
osteoarthritis. Proteoglycan Heparin sulfate – a glycosaminoglycan of major pharmaceutical importance for many decades Heparansulfate – a glycosaminoglycan component...
specifically, these core proteins carry three to five heparansulfate and chondroitin sulfate chains, i.e. they are proteoglycans, which allow for interaction...
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