Rhineura floridana; the Harderian gland is marked H. gl. in diagram B (horizontal section of head) and C (horizontal section through right eye).
The Harderian gland is a gland found within the eye's orbit that occurs in tetrapods (reptiles, amphibians, birds and mammals) that possess a nictitating membrane.[1]
The gland can be compound tubular or compound tubuloalveolar, and the fluid it secretes (mucous, serous or lipid) varies between different groups of animals. In some animals, it acts as an accessory to the lacrimal gland, secreting fluid that eases movement of the nictitating membrane. Research has proposed that the gland has several other functions, including that of a photoprotective organ, a location of immune response, a source of thermoregulatory lipids, a source of pheromones, and a site of osmoregulation.[1] In mammals, the gland secretes an oily substance used to preen the fur. The presence or absence of this gland is one of the cues used by palaeontologists to determine when fur evolved in the ancestors of mammals.[2]
The Harderian gland was first described in 1694 by Swiss anatomist Johann Jacob Harder (1656–1711). He documented his findings in a paper titled Glandula nova lachrymalis una cum ductu excretorio in cervis et damis,[3] ("A new lachrymal gland with an excretory duct in red and fallow deer", English translation).[4]
^ abPayne AP (August 1994). "The harderian gland: a tercentennial review". Journal of Anatomy. 185 (1): 1–49. PMC 1166813. PMID 7559104.
^Ruben, John A.; Jones, Terry D. (2000). "Selective Factors Associated with the Origin of Fur and Feathers". American Zoologist. 40 (4): 585–96. doi:10.1668/0003-1569(2000)040[0585:SFAWTO]2.0.CO;2.
^Murube, Juan (2009). "Tear Apparatus of Animals: Do They Weep?". The Ocular Surface. 7 (3): 121–7. doi:10.1016/S1542-0124(12)70307-5. PMID 19635245.
^Hillenius WJ, Phillips DA, Rehorek SJ (2007). "'A new lachrymal gland with an excretory duct in red and fallow deer' by Johann Jacob Harder (1694): English translation and historical perspective". Annals of Anatomy. 189 (5): 423–33. doi:10.1016/j.aanat.2006.10.008. PMID 17910396.
The Harderiangland is a gland found within the eye's orbit that occurs in tetrapods (reptiles, amphibians, birds and mammals) that possess a nictitating...
similar condition exists in dwarf lop-eared rabbits, which occurs in the harderiangland. Similar surgical treatment is necessary. There is likely a complicated...
milk glands would provide moisture to the leathery eggs, a situation still found in monotremes. The early mammaliaforms did have a harderiangland. In...
kHz. Lacking a lacrimal apparatus (tear duct), the eye relies on the harderiangland in the orbit to keep it moist. A durable nictitating membrane shields...
risks including lung, stomach, breast, and bladder cancers. Studies of Harderiangland tumors in a single strain of female mice with several heavy ions have...
lymphoid tissue), CALT (conjunctiva), BALT (Bronchial) caecal tonsils, Harderiangland, etc. Acute disease and death is due to the necrotizing effect of these...
Some modern mammals have a special gland in front of each orbit used to preen the fur, called the harderiangland. Imprints of this structure are found...
F.B.M. (1971). "The ultrastructure of the lachrymal "salt" gland and the Harderiangland in the euryhaline Malaclemys and some closely related stenohaline...
(HALT) that contain the Harderiangland, lacrimal gland and other structures in the larynx or nasopharynx. The Harderiangland is located behind the eyeballs...
in the human eye—a vestigial remnant of the nictitating membrane. Harderiangland in primates. Reduced hind limbs and pelvic girdle structures in legless...
virus (SDAV), which infects nasal cavities, lungs, salivary glands and the Harderiangland in rats, discovered in 1972 were found to be the same kind of...
Morganucodon, had Harderianglands, which are associated with the grooming and maintenance of fur. The apparent absence of these glands in non-mammaliaformes...
weight (females), as well as significant increases in adenomas in the Harderiangland (male mice only) and in the liver at median dietary intakes of 91 mg/kg...
their fur (or lack thereof) has been elusive. Modern mammals have Harderianglands secreting lipids to coat their fur, but the telltale imprint of this...
parotid glands tend to be placed behind the eye; they respectively suggested that the fossae held modified lacrimal glands and Harderianglands. However...
branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis cartilage development Harderiangland development positive regulation of kidney development central nervous...
Furthermore, the inhalation exposure to diepoxybutane caused benign Harderian-gland tumors in mice and also increased the area of benign or malignant tumors...
cleaned by tear secretions from the lachrymal gland and protected by an oily substance from the Harderianglands which coats the cornea and prevents dryness...
tract infections, with the former also affecting the eyes, Harderiangland, and salivary glands. In the past, it was believed that the symptoms caused by...
nocturnal and/or burrowing lifestyle. Ruben & Jones (2000) note that the Harderianglands, which secrete lipids for coating the fur, were present in the earliest...
were measured in mice or rats for tumors of the skin and of the Harderian or mammary gland, reaching values as high as 25 to 50 at low doses. However, the...
morphogenesis in multiple organs such as the lungs, skin, ear and salivary glands. During the limb development Tbx4/Tbx5 stimulate the production of FGF10...
Global Information