Carbon steel quenched and tempered after a heat treatment
The term hardened steel is often used for a medium or high carbon steel that has been given heat treatment and then quenching followed by tempering. The quenching results in the formation of metastable martensite, the fraction of which is reduced to the desired amount during tempering. This is the most common state for finished articles such as tools and machine parts. In contrast, the same steel composition in annealed state is softer, as required for forming and machining.
Depending on the temperature and composition of the steel, it can be hardened or softened. To make steel harder, it must be heated to very high temperatures. The final result of exactly how hard the steel becomes depends on the amount of carbon present in the metal. Only steel that is high in carbon can be hardened and tempered. If a metal does not contain the necessary quantity of carbon, then its crystalline structure cannot be broken, and therefore the physical makeup of the steel cannot be altered.
Frequently, the term "hardening" is associated with tempered steel. Both processes are used hand in hand when hardening steel. The two part process begins with hardening the steel so that it becomes hard and does not wear over time. However, very often, this process leaves the steel very brittle and susceptible to breaking during use. Tempering reduces the hardness of the forged steel very slightly but improves the overall product as it results in steel that is much less brittle.
The term hardenedsteel is often used for a medium or high carbon steel that has been given heat treatment and then quenching followed by tempering. The...
All steels in this group are typically hardened at 800 °C (1,500 °F), oil quenched, then tempered below 200 °C (400 °F). The first air-hardening-grade...
to heat treatment, including low-carbon steel, are often work-hardened. Some materials cannot be work-hardened at low temperatures, such as indium, however...
developed earlier – in 1900 – but it was slow, not useful on fully hardenedsteel, and left too large an impression to be considered nondestructive. Hugh...
homogeneous armour as the inner layer and a thin (10–30 mm) face-hardened, semi-hardenedsteel plate as the outer layer. The thin but very hard outer layer...
Martensitic stainless steel is a type of stainless steel alloy that has a martensite crystal structure. It can be hardened and tempered through aging and...
aluminium, magnesium, nickel, titanium, and some steels, stainless steels, and duplex stainless steel. In superalloys, it is known to cause yield strength...
"metallic glass". Quench hardening is a mechanical process in which steel and cast iron alloys are strengthened and hardened. These metals consist of...
acetylene) to the heated steel. Once the carburization process was complete, the metal was then transformed into face hardenedsteel by rapidly heating the...
stainless steel is one of the five classes of stainless steel by crystalline structure (along with ferritic, martensitic, duplex and precipitation hardened)....
States period (403–221 BC) had quench-hardenedsteel, while Chinese of the Han dynasty (202 BC—AD 220) created steel by melting together wrought iron with...
produced when a spring-powered cock strikes a flint down on to a piece of hardenedsteel. The snaplock is therefore similar to the snaphaunce (sometimes classed...
local heat treatment) is a technique used during heat treating of steel to harden or soften certain areas of an object, creating a difference in hardness...
1.85% carbon. Mushet steel was harder than standard water quenched steel. It was found that Mushet steel could be best hardened by submitting it to an...
higher grade of cutlery steel, with more carbon, allowing for much better edge retention when properly heat-treated. It can be hardened to approximately Rockwell...
bullets, it also tests more aggressive rounds, as the first test already uses steel FMJ bullets, while the NIJ uses normal FMJ rounds. In addition SK 4, the...
treated or made from tool steel. The primary work surface of the anvil is known as the face. It is generally made of hardenedsteel and should be flat and...
various shapes and colors could be added to the structural skeleton. Hardenedsteel rods and screw clamps allowed the construction of hinges and the transmission...
malleable iron. Steel with less than 0.6% carbon content cannot be hardened enough by simple heat-treatment to make useful hardened-steel tools. Hence,...
"Wolfram") ball indenter was used, as opposed to "HBS", which means a hardenedsteel ball. The "10" is the ball diameter in millimeters. The "3000" is the...
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