Halicarnassus (/ˌhælɪkɑːrˈnæsəs/, HAL-ih-kar-NASS-əs; Latin: Halicarnassus or Halicarnāsus; Ancient Greek: Ἁλῐκαρνᾱσσός, Halikarnāssós; Turkish: Halikarnas; Carian: 𐊠𐊣𐊫𐊰 𐊴𐊠𐊥𐊵𐊫𐊰 alos k̂arnos) was an ancient Greek city in Caria, in Anatolia.[1] It was located in southwest Caria, on an advantageous site on the Gulf of Gökova, which is now in Bodrum, Turkey.[2] The city was famous for the Mausoleum of Halicarnassus, also known simply as the Tomb of Mausolus, whose name provided the origin of the word "mausoleum". The mausoleum, built from 353 to 350 BC, ranked as one of the seven wonders of the ancient world.
Halicarnassus' history was special on two interlinked issues. Halicarnassus retained a monarchical system of government at a time when most other Greek city states had long since rid themselves of their kings. And secondly, while their Ionian neighbours rebelled against Persian rule, Halicarnassus remained loyal to the Persians and formed part of the Persian Empire until Alexander the Great captured it at the siege of Halicarnassus in 333 BC.
Zephyria was the original name of the settlement, and the present site of the great Castle of St. Peter built by the Knights of Rhodes in 1404 AD.[2] It was built on what was originally an island, which gradually expanded to include several Carian settlements on the mainland.[1] However, in the course of time, the island topographically united with the mainland, and the city was extended to combine with the existing Salmacis, an older town of the native Leleges and Carians,[2] and site of the later citadel. The first settlers were originally Dorians from the Peloponnese, but this was soon forgotten.
^ abLivius.org Halicarnassus/Bodrum "Usually, Greek settlers first occupied an island near a native settlement; later, they settled on the mainland. We may assume that the first Greeks built their houses on the island that was later known as the Royal Island. Today, it is no longer an island, but an impressive castle built in the age of the Crusades. The native settlement probably was at the Salmacis hill, which was crowned by a sanctuary of Hermaphroditus.", "Later, the Greeks settled on the mainland. To the northeast of the island, they founded a marketplace to trade with the natives. The new Greek settlement itself was to the northwest.", "The Greeks thought that Halicarnassus was a "Dorian" city: its first settlers were from the Peloponnese and belonged to this tribe. The city was really proud of this descent, but in fact, the Dorian nature of the population was soon forgotten."
^ abcOne or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Hogarth, David George (1911). "Halicarnassus". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 837–838.
discoveries of inscriptions at Halicarnassus dated to about Herodotus' time, we now know that the Ionic dialect was used in Halicarnassus in some official documents...
The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus or Tomb of Mausolus (Ancient Greek: Μαυσωλεῖον τῆς Ἁλικαρνασσοῦ; Turkish: Halikarnas Mozolesi) was a tomb built between...
of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities Book I, Chapter 84 Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities Book I, Chapter 85 Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman...
Panyassis of Halicarnassus, sometimes known as Panyasis (Ancient Greek: Πανύασις), was a 5th-century BC Greek epic poet from Halicarnassus in the Persian...
of Halicarnassus, who praises her courage and relates the respect in which she was held by Xerxes. Artemisia's father was the satrap of Halicarnassus, Lygdamis...
The Theatre at Halicarnassus, also known as Bodrum Antique Theatre (Turkish: Bodrum Antik Tiyatrosu, usually shortened as Antik Tiyatro), is a 4th-century...
Gaugamela 8 Alexandria 7 Gaza 6 Tyre 5 Issus 4 Halicarnassus 3 Granicus 2 Pella 1 The siege of Halicarnassus was fought between Alexander the Great and...
Dionysius of Halicarnassus Roman Antiquities 1.71 Dionysius of Halicarnassus (1937). Roman Antiquities. I.76. doi:10.4159/DLCL.dionysius_halicarnassus-roman_antiquities...
and Artemisia moved their capital from Mylasa to Halicarnassus early in their reign. Halicarnassus had historically been a Greek colony with a sizeable...
Gulf of Gökova. Known in ancient times as Halicarnassus, the city was once home to the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, also known as the tomb of Mausolus, one...
Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities, 20.1.1–6, 8 Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities, 20.1.6–7 Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities...
common meals. Writing centuries later, the Greek historian Dionysius of Halicarnassus (c. 60 BCE – after 7 BCE) in his Rhomaike Archaiologia (Antiquitates...
eponymous Lygdamid dynasty (520–450 BCE) of Carian tyrants, who ruled from Halicarnassus. Penrose, Walter Duvall (2016). Postcolonial Amazons: Female Masculinity...
Heraclitus of Halicarnassus (Ancient Greek: Ἡράκλειτος ὁ Ἁλικαρνασσεύς, romanized: Herakleitos ho Halikarnasseus; 3rd century BC) was an elegiac poet...
Pigres (Greek: Πίγρης), a native of Halicarnassus, either the brother or the son of the celebrated Artemisia, satrap of Caria. He is spoken of by the...
Phanes of Halicarnassus (Greek: Φάνης) was a wise council man, a tactician, and a mercenary from Halicarnassus, serving the Egyptian pharaoh Amasis II...
ISBN 978-90-04-16666-0). Page 28: "Julian of Halicarnassus. One such question was raised by Julian, bishop of Halicarnassus (d. after 527). Like Severus, Julian...
leave his native city of Halicarnassus, fleeing to the island of Samos. After the death of Lygdamis, circa 454 BCE, Halicarnassus joined the Athenian alliance...
Persian fleet sailed to Halicarnassus, in order to establish a new defense. Ada of Caria, the former queen of Halicarnassus, had been driven from her...
Seven Ancient Wonders (Seven Deadly Wonders in the United States) is a book written by Australian author Matthew Reilly in 2005. Its sequel, The Six Sacred...
constellation. The story, among others, is described by Dionysius of Halicarnassus. Before Homer's Trojan War, Heracles had made an expedition to Troy...
following the conquests of Alexander the Great and the Siege of Halicarnassus in 334 BC. Halicarnassus was the location of the famed Mausoleum dedicated to Mausolus...
Abrettēnē Schol. ad Pers. Sat. i. 76. Apollodorus, 3.12.3 "Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities, 2.1". Pseudo-Clement, Recognitions 10.21–23 Apollodorus...
Hegesippus of Halicarnassus (Ancient Greek: Ἡγίσιππος Ἁλικαρνασσεύς) was a naval commander in the service of Antigonus Monophthalmus. He is first only...
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