Guard cells are specialized plant cells in the epidermis of leaves, stems and other organs that are used to control gas exchange. They are produced in pairs with a gap between them that forms a stomatal pore. The stomatal pores are largest when water is freely available and the guard cells become turgid, and closed when water availability is critically low and the guard cells become flaccid. Photosynthesis depends on the diffusion of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the air through the stomata into the mesophyll tissues. Oxygen (O2), produced as a byproduct of photosynthesis, exits the plant via the stomata. When the stomata are open, water is lost by evaporation and must be replaced via the transpiration stream, with water taken up by the roots. Plants must balance the amount of CO2 absorbed from the air with the water loss through the stomatal pores, and this is achieved by both active and passive control of guard cell turgor pressure and stomatal pore size.[1][2][3][4]
^Schroeder JI, Kwak JM, & Allen GJ (2001) Guard cell abscisic acid signaling and engineering drought hardiness in plants. Nature 410:327-330.
^Hetherington AM & Woodward FI (2003) The role of stomata in sensing and driving environmental change. Nature 424:901-908.
^Shimazaki K, Doi M, Assmann SM, & Kinoshita T (2007) Light regulation of stomatal movement. Annu Rev Plant Biol 58:219-247.
^Kwak JM, Mäser P, & Schroeder JI (2008) The clickable guard cell, version II: Interactive model of guard cell signal transduction mechanisms and pathway. The Arabidopsis Book, eds Last R, Chang C, Graham I, Leyser O, McClung R, & Weinig C (American Society of Plant Biologists, Rockville), pp 1-17.
Guardcells are specialized plant cells in the epidermis of leaves, stems and other organs that are used to control gas exchange. They are produced in...
atmosphere. The pore is bordered by a pair of specialized parenchyma cells known as guardcells that regulate the size of the stomatal opening. The term is usually...
Plant cells are the cells present in green plants, photosynthetic eukaryotes of the kingdom Plantae. Their distinctive features include primary cell walls...
balance in the cell. The accumulation of these solutes within the guardcell decreases the solute potential, allowing water to enter the cell and promote...
of the leaf through its guardcells, which surround the stomatal pore. The turgor pressure and osmotic potential of guardcells are directly related to...
a leaf, and the guardcells of stomata. Palisade mesophyll cells can contain 30–70 chloroplasts per cell, while stomatal guardcells contain only around...
as mobile phones, disrupting the communication between the phone and the cell-phone base station, effectively disabling mobile phones within the range...
aldehyde crystals, cuticular folds, downward-pointing hairs, or guard-cell-originating lunate cells, to help prevent escape. The small bodies of liquid contained...
needed]. They block the active excretion of hydrogen cation from the guardcells. Due to presence of carbon dioxide, a rapid acidification of cytoplasm...
this program. On March 20, 1986, Red Cell team members kidnapped Ronald D. Sheridan, a civilian security guard who worked at Naval Weapons Station Seal...
A solar cell or photovoltaic cell (PV cell) is an electronic device that converts the energy of light directly into electricity by means of the photovoltaic...
group of martyred young anti-Nazi underground resistance members of Young Guardcell from the Soviet Ukraine's southeast coal mining town of Krasnodon, whose...
reassigned to Cell Block 99. After he is reassigned, Bradley learns that his assassination target does not exist. During the night, a Redleaf guard escorts...
Guards' first unit. Nikiforova, often known by her nickname Marusya, was a Ukrainian anarchist organiser who put together the first Black Guardscell...
to consist of a slit-like opening in the middle of a single elongated guardcell, leading to comparison with the stomata of some mosses. However, this...
Blue Light and Light-Dependent Zeaxanthin Formation in GuardCell Chloroplasts". Plant and Cell Physiology. 38 (3): 236–42. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals...
listening watch on VHF GUARD 121.5 or UHF 243.0." In the UK, 121.5 MHz is monitored by the Royal Air Force Distress and Diversion cells (known as "D&D") at...
standard steel cage with the cell placed atop it and the object was to escape from both the cage and cell while trying to avoid guard dogs that were placed between...
prevent pathogens from entering are the cuticular layer, cell walls and stomata guardcells. Once pathogens have overcome these barriers, plant receptors...
itself (and referred to as "guardcells"). A target is declared present in the CUT if it is greater than all its adjacent cells and greater than the local...
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