Groundwater in Nigeria is widely used for domestic, agricultural, and industrial supplies. The Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation estimate that in 2018 60% of the total population were dependent on groundwater point sources for their main drinking water source: 73% in rural areas and 45% in urban areas.[1] The cities of Calabar and Port Harcourt are totally dependent on groundwater for their water supply.
In 2013, there were around 65,000 boreholes in Nigeria extracting an estimated 6,340,000 m3/day.[2][3] The majority of these (almost 45,000) were equipped with hand pumps and used for water supply in rural areas and small towns.[3]
Estimates of total renewable groundwater resources in Nigeria are variable. The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) estimates that Nigeria has 87,000 Million m3/year of renewable groundwater resources.[4] Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) estimate that total annual groundwater recharge is 155,800 Million m3/year. Recharge is variable across the country and largely controlled by climate: recharge is lower in the north of the country due to higher evapotranspiration and lower rainfall.
^Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (2019). Estimates on the use of water, sanitation and hygiene in Nigeria.
^JICA (2014). The project for review and update of Nigeria national water resources master plan; Vol.2.
^ abMinistry of Water Resources (2013). National Water Resources Master Plan
^FAO (2016). AQUASTAT Main Database. Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations
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