Carbon is capable of forming many allotropes (structurally different forms of the same element) due to its valency. Well-known forms of carbon include diamond and graphite. In recent decades, many more allotropes have been discovered and researched, including ball shapes such as buckminsterfullerene and sheets such as graphene. Larger-scale structures of carbon include nanotubes, nanobuds and nanoribbons. Other unusual forms of carbon exist at very high temperatures or extreme pressures. Around 500 hypothetical 3‑periodic allotropes of carbon are known at the present time, according to the Samara Carbon Allotrope Database (SACADA).[1]
^Hoffmann, R.; Kabanov, A.; Golov, A.; Proserpio, D. (2016). "Homo citans and carbon allotropes: For an ethics of citation". Angewandte Chemie. 55 (37): 10962–10976. doi:10.1002/anie.201600655. PMC 5113780. PMID 27438532.
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3‑periodic allotropesofcarbon are known at the present time, according to the Samara CarbonAllotrope Database (SACADA). Under certain conditions, carbon can...
various allotropesofcarbon. Well-known allotropes include graphite, diamond, amorphous carbon, and fullerenes. The physical properties ofcarbon vary widely...
of an element: the atoms of the element are bonded together in different manners. For example, the allotropesofcarbon include diamond (the carbon atoms...
A carbon nanotube (CNT) is a tube made ofcarbon with a diameter in the nanometre range (nanoscale). They are one of the allotropesofcarbon. Single-walled...
micrometers (0.00020–0.00039 in) in diameter and composed mostly ofcarbon atoms. Carbon fibers have several advantages: high stiffness, high tensile strength...
Diatomic carbon is the second simplest of the allotropesofcarbon (after atomic carbon), and is an intermediate participator in the genesis of fullerenes...
Activated carbon, also called activated charcoal, is a form ofcarbon commonly used to filter contaminants from water and air, among many other uses....
known allotropes that exist at room temperature. These allotropes are known as the amorphous and the crystalline allotropes. The amorphous allotrope is a...
different pure forms of an element) and some simple carbon compounds are often considered inorganic. Examples include the allotropesofcarbon (graphite, diamond...
through autopolymerisation. Atomic carbon is the simplest of the allotropesofcarbon, and is also the progenitor ofcarbon clusters. In addition, it may be...
Graphene (/ˈɡræfiːn/) is an allotropeofcarbon consisting of a single layer of atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice nanostructure. The name is derived...
Hard carbon is a solid form ofcarbon that cannot be converted to graphite by heat-treatment, even at temperatures as high as 3000 °C. It is also known...
important carbon property is catenation as the ability to form long carbon chains and rings. The known inorganic chemistry of the allotropesofcarbon (diamond...
Pyrolytic carbon is a material similar to graphite, but with some covalent bonding between its graphene sheets as a result of imperfections in its production...
Carbon nanofoam is an allotropeofcarbon discovered in 1997 by Andrei V. Rode and co-workers at the Australian National University in Canberra. It consists...
Glass-like carbon, often called glassy carbon or vitreous carbon, is a non-graphitizing, or nongraphitizable, carbon which combines glassy and ceramic...
sulfur exists as many allotropes. In number ofallotropes, sulfur is second only to carbon. In addition to the allotropes, each allotrope often exists in polymorphs...
Charcoal is a lightweight black carbon residue produced by strongly heating wood (or other animal and plant materials) in minimal oxygen to remove all...
Filamentous carbon is a carbon-containing deposit structure that refers to several allotropesofcarbon, including carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers...
Carbon quantum dots also commonly called carbon nano dots (abbreviated as CQDs, C-dots or CDs) are carbon nanoparticles which are less than 10 nm in size...
densities for each allotrope can be stated where more detail is provided. For example, the three familiar allotropesofcarbon (amorphous carbon, graphite, and...
structures: these are called allotropes. For example, diamond and graphite are two allotropesofcarbon. The metallicity of an element can be predicted...
a mass of impure carbon particles resulting from the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons. It is more properly restricted to the product of the gas-phase...
Linear acetylenic carbon (LAC), also known as carbyne or Linear Carbon Chain (LCC), is an allotropeofcarbon that has the chemical structure (−C≡C−)n...
distances that are inconsistent with any other allotropeofcarbon. It also contains a high concentration of dangling bonds; these cause deviations in interatomic...
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