Government reforms of Alexander II of Russia information
"Great Reform" and "Great Reforms" redirect here. For British reform sometimes called the "Great Reform", see Reform Act 1832.
His Imperial Majesty Alexander II
The Government reforms imposed by Tsar Alexander II of Russia, often called the Great Reforms (Russian: Великие реформы, romanized: Velikie reformy) by historians, were a series of major social, political, legal and governmental reforms in the Russian Empire carried out in the 1860s.
By far the most important was the Emancipation reform of 1861 which freed the 23 million serfs from an inferior legal and social status, and helped them buy farmland. Many other reforms took place, including the:
relaxation of censorship of the media
Judicial reform of Alexander II
modernization of the army and navy
zemstva and other innovations in local government
educational innovations including the expansion and reform of universities, elementary schools and secondary schools
"peasants' reformof 1861") was the first and most important of the liberal reforms enacted during the reign of Emperor AlexanderIIofRussia. The reform effectively...
reversed some of the liberal reformsof his father, AlexanderII, a policy of "counter-reforms" (Russian: контрреформы). Under the influence of Konstantin...
judicial reformofAlexanderII is generally considered one of the most successful and consistent of all his reforms (along with the military reform). A completely...
serfdom Fugitive peasants GovernmentreformsofAlexanderIIofRussia History of serfdom Kholop Lord and Peasant in Russia from the Ninth to the Nineteenth...
Nicholas II (Nikolai Alexandrovich Romanov; 18 May [O.S. 6 May] 1868 – 17 July 1918) or Nikolai II was the last reigning Emperor ofRussia, King of Congress...
social reforms and (in 1803–04) major liberal educational reforms, such as building more universities. Alexander appointed Mikhail Speransky, the son of a...
abdication of Nicholas II, during the February Revolution. The intention of the provisional government was the organization of elections to the Russian Constituent...
ofreform and intensified expansion into Central Asia. AlexanderII (r. 1855–1881) initiated numerous reforms, most notably the 1861 emancipation of all...
Great Reforms: Autocracy, Bureaucracy, and the Politics of Change in Imperial Russia (1990). Mosse, W. E. (1958). AlexanderII and the Modernization of Russia...
ISBN 978-1-84765-192-1. Alexander 1989, p. 54. Montefiore 2010, p. 159 Catherine II (25 July 1763). Manifesto of 1763. Governing Senate of the Russian Empire. Noble...
of a work, a play, or a book, and with it that of the author". The feuilleton was a common genre in Russia, especially during the Governmentreforms of...
The chairman of the governmentof the Russian Federation, also informally known as the prime minister, is the head ofgovernmentofRussia and the second...
substantial reforms and proclaimed the Russian Empire after victory over Sweden in 1721. While the oldest endonyms of the Grand Duchy of Moscow used in...
1857, as a result of Emperor AlexanderII'sreforms; its first session began on 19 (31) December 1857. Before the actual formation of that body on 12 (24)...
July] 1762) was Emperor of Russia from 5 January 1762 until 9 July of the same year, when he was overthrown by his wife, Catherine II (the Great). He was born...
decree signed by Alexander Kerensky as Minister-Chairman and Alexander Zarudny as Minister of Justice. The governmentof the Russian Republic was dissolved...
strengthened autocratic rule in Russia. Some of the reforms the more liberal AlexanderII had pushed through were reversed. Alexander had inherited not only his...
portal Russia portal Church reformof Peter the Great Digest of Laws of the Russian Empire Governmentreformof Peter the Great Governmentreformof Alexander...
of a subsequent incarnation of Narodnaya Volya, and led a cell that plotted to assassinate Tsar Alexander III. GovernmentreformsofAlexanderIIof Russia...
successor AlexanderII (1855–1881) enacted significant changes throughout the country, including the emancipation reformof 1861. These reforms spurred...
the new constitution of 1848. William II was married to Anna Pavlovna ofRussia. They had four sons and one daughter. William II died on 17 March 1849...
Russia needed substantial governmental and military reforms to avoid an economic collapse and a revolution, before Russia could wage war on foreign soil...
George I of Greece visited Russia in 1863 to thank Olga's uncle Tsar AlexanderII for his support during George's election to the throne of Greece. Whilst...
Global Information