Народовольческий гимн ("Hymn of the People's Will")[2]
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Narodnaya Volya (Russian: Наро́дная во́ля, IPA:[nɐˈrodnəjəˈvolʲə], lit. 'People's Will') was a late 19th-century revolutionary socialist political organization operating in the Russian Empire, which conducted assassinations of government officials in an attempt to overthrow the autocratic Tsarist system. The organization declared itself to be a populist movement that succeeded the Narodniks. Composed primarily of young revolutionary socialist intellectuals believing in the efficacy of direct action, Narodnaya Volya emerged in Autumn 1879 from the split of an earlier revolutionary organization called Zemlya i Volya ("Land and Liberty"). Predecessor groups had already started using the term "terror" positively and Narodnaya Volya in similar fashion self-identified as terrorists and venerated dead terrorists as "martyrs" and "heroes" as part of a propaganda driven campaign to attract attention to their moral justifications for using political violence.[3]
Based upon a secret society apparatus of local, semi-independent cells co-ordinated by a self-selecting Executive Committee, Narodnaya Volya espoused acts of political violence in an attempt to destabilize the Russian Empire and spur insurrection against Tsarism, justified "as a means of exerting pressure on the government for reform, as the spark that would ignite a vast peasant uprising, and as the inevitable response to the regime's use of violence against the revolutionaries". This culminated in the successful assassination of Tsar Alexander II in March 1881—the event for which the group is best remembered. The group developed ideas—such as the assassination of the "leaders of oppression"—that were to become the hallmark of future small non-state groups, and were convinced that the developing technologies of the age—such as the invention of dynamite—enabled them to strike directly and precisely, minimising casualties.
Much of the organization's philosophy was inspired by Sergey Nechayev and "propaganda by the deed"–proponent Carlo Pisacane. The group served as inspiration and forerunner for other revolutionary socialist and anarchist organizations that followed, including in particular the Russian Socialist Revolutionary Party (PSR). Although they were socialist and often associated with Marxism, they generally opposed it in favour of an ideal of anarchic self-government.
^Hertz, Deborah (2014). "Dangerous Politics, Dangerous Liaisons: Love and Terror among Jewish Women Radicals in Czarist Russia". Histoire, économie & société (in French). 33 (4): 96. doi:10.3917/hes.144.0094. ISSN 0752-5702.
^"Народовольческий гимн". narovol.narod.ru.
^Dafinger, Johannes; Florin, Moritz (2022). A Transnational History of Right Wing Terrorism: Political Violence and the Far Right in Eastern and Western Europe since 1900. United Kingdom: Routledge.
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was the formation of Russia's first organized revolutionary party, NarodnayaVolya ("People's Will"), in June 1879. It favoured secret society-led terrorism...
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ideas of Zemlya i volya, renounced the necessity of political struggle and were against terror and conspiracy tactics of NarodnayaVolya. BR preferred propaganda...
Finally 13 March [O.S. 1 March] 1881, assassins organized by the NarodnayaVolya (People's Will) party killed him with a bomb. The Emperor had earlier...
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through the auspices of NarodnayaVolya, and Sudeykin removing all challengers to Degayev's leadership within NarodnayaVolya by employing the assistance...
of NarodnayaVolya. In 1886, Generalov enrolled in St. Petersburg University and later became a member of the "Terrorist Faction" of NarodnayaVolya. He...
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became a member of the "terrorist faction", which was part of the NarodnayaVolya (People's Will) party. He was one of the authors of the party's program...
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