Edict by Tsar Alexander II abolishing serfdom in the Russian Empire
A 1907 painting by Boris Kustodiev depicting Russian serfs listening to the proclamation of the Emancipation Manifesto in 1861
The emancipation reform of 1861 in Russia, also known as the Edict of Emancipation of Russia, (Russian: Крестьянская реформа 1861 года, romanized: Krestyanskaya reforma 1861 goda – "peasants' reform of 1861") was the first and most important of the liberal reforms enacted during the reign of Emperor Alexander II of Russia. The reform effectively abolished serfdom throughout the Russian Empire.
The 1861 Emancipation Manifesto proclaimed the emancipation of the serfs on private estates and of the domestic (household) serfs. By this edict more than 23 million people received their liberty.[1] Serfs gained the full rights of free citizens, including rights to marry without having to gain consent, to own property and to own a business. The Manifesto prescribed that peasants would be able to buy the land from the landlords. Household serfs were the least affected: they gained only their freedom and no land.[citation needed]
The serfs were emancipated in 1861, a process which took place following a speech given by Tsar Alexander II on 30 March 1856.[2] In Georgia, the emancipation took place later, in 1864, and on much better terms for the nobles than in Russia.[3] State-owned serfs (those living on and working Imperial lands) were emancipated in 1866.[1]
^ abMee, Arthur; Hammerton, J.A.; Innes, Arthur D.; Harmsworth History of the World: Volume 7, 1907, Carmelite House, London; p. 5193.
^Corrin, Chris; Feihn, Terry (2015). AQA A-level History Tsarist and Communist Russia: 1855–1964. Hachette UK: Hodder Education; Dynamic Learning. p. 11. ISBN 978-1471837807. Retrieved 8 September 2015. On 30 March 1856 Alexander II made a speech to the Marshalls of the Nobility in which he signalled the start of a process that led to the abolition of serfdom in 1861.
^Suny, Ronald Grigor (January 1979). "'The Peasants Have Always Fed Us': The Georgian Nobility and the Peasant Emancipation, 1856–1871". The Russian Review. 38 (1): 27–51. doi:10.2307/129075. JSTOR 129075.
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