The gender power gap is defined as the proportional power held by women in leadership and management positions relative to men (such as the gap in top executive positions).[1] This measurement distinguishes itself from gender diversity, which only measures the presence of women at the top table. Instead, gender power gap specifically focuses on the value and number of top executive women, who hold decision-making power and authority in the institutions they work for. Executive positions held by women, typically as chief human resources officer, tend to have a fraction of the authority of male executives. Similarly in politics, women tend to be assigned roles which deal with family and other social issues, whereas men are assigned to tackle economic and structural developmental challenges.[1][2] According to UN secretary general, Antonio Guterres, who coined the term, the gender power gap that exists in societies, cultures and political systems is also present in economies and corporations.[2]
According to a 2015 UN report, women tend only to have leverage in a minority of decision-making roles in both the private and public sectors.[3] A separate study in 2022, led by Professor Andreas Hoepner of the graduate business school at the University of Dublin, found while women accounted for a quarter of top executive decision-making positions at S&P 500 companies, they controlled only 1 percent of the value of shares held among their fellow corporate leaders.[4] The Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU) and UN Women found in January 2023, when compiling the map "Women in politics", that at global level, gender parity in political decision making and leadership roles, in spite of improvements, is still a very distant goal.[5][6]
^ ab"Listen, measure and communicate: Three secrets of corporate women's leadership | WEPs". www.weps.org. Retrieved 2023-04-28.
^ ab"UN Chief: Gender Inequality Biggest Human Rights Challenge". Voice of America. Associated Press. 2020-03-08. Retrieved 2023-10-05. .. Guterres told the U.N.'s International Women's Day observance Friday that "gender inequality is the overwhelming injustice of our day." "Deep-rooted patriarchy and misogyny have created a yawning gender power gap in our economies, our political systems, our corporations, our societies and our culture," he said. "Women are still very frequently denied a voice; their opinions are ignored and their experience discounted." ..
^Ersing, Robin L. (26 April 2019). "6. Global resilience through opportunities for women". In Drolet, Julie L. (ed.). Rebuilding lives post-disaster. Julie Drolet. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. p. 92. ISBN 978-0-19-094220-5. OCLC 1073034243. .. Outside the family structure, the gender power gap is stark, with women holding only a minority of decision making roles in public and private sectors (UN 2015). ..
^"Male Executives Control 99 Times More S&P 500 Shares Than Women". Bloomberg.com. 2022-06-06. Retrieved 2023-04-28.
^"Women in power in 2023: New data shows progress but wide regional gaps". UN Women – Headquarters. 7 March 2023. Retrieved 2023-05-04.
^"Women in politics: 2023". UN Women – Headquarters. 10 March 2021. Retrieved 2023-05-04.
The genderpowergap is defined as the proportional power held by women in leadership and management positions relative to men (such as the gap in top...
The gender pay gap or gender wage gap is the average difference between the remuneration for men and women who are working. Women are generally found...
The gender pay gap in the United States is a measure comparing the earnings of men and women in the workforce. The average female annual earnings is around...
of household purchasing power. Women therefore start more enterprises than males, yet 68% of them need finance. The gendergap has narrowed to various...
and that there is no gender gap among low-skilled editors, and concluded that the "skills gap" exacerbates the gendergap among editors. During 2010–14...
Gender pay gap in sports is the persistence of unequal pay in sports, particularly for female athletes who do not receive equal revenue compared to their...
gender inequality refers to the political, educational, and economic inequalities between men and women in Africa. According to a Global GenderGap Index...
Gender pay gap in India refers to the difference in earnings between women and men in the paid employment and the labor market. For the year 2013, the...
by gender and labor market discrimination seem to account for a large share of it. Eurostat defines the (unadjusted) gender pay gap (or wage gap) as...
in 2004, the Global GenderGap Index (GGGI) developed by the World Economic Forum in 2006, and the Social Institutions and Gender Index of OECD Development...
sociologists examined the gender and suicide gap by considering how cultural factors impacted suicide rates. The four cultural factors – power-distance, individualism...
causes contribute to the orgasm gap. Orgasm gap researcher Laurie Mintz argues that the primary reason for this form of gender inequality is due to "our cultural...
countries in its 2017 Global GenderGap Report. In their 2013 study, Branisa et al. explain that indices like the Global GenderGap Index tend to be "outcome-focused"...
sex-based social structures (i.e. gender roles) and gender expression. Most cultures use a gender binary, in which gender is divided into two categories...
demographics, and the gendergap shifted from female dominated to male dominated. The believed need for more diversity and an equal gendergap has led to public...
mechanism underlying the gendergap in mathematics". In 2018, Jolien A. van Breen and colleagues conducted research into subliminal gender stereotyping. Researchers...
closing the gendergaps in landownership and secure tenure is particularly important as secure land rights have multiple positive impacts. Gaps can be narrowed...
S2CID 4978523. Lawless and Fox (2018), Chapter 3 – “Girl Power Isn’t Political Power: The GenderGap in Political Ambition” Thomsen, Danielle M., and Aaron...
the men's wages. The widest gendergap in the salaries has been detected in the financial sphere, while the smallest gap exists in agriculture, where...
personal attributes gendered social norms, and a wide societal context. It takes place in a multitude of surroundings from the halls of power in either parliamentary...
Additionally, there is a persistent gender pay gap. Traditional gender roles and cultural expectations can contribute to gender disparities as well. In some...
being left behind in digital skills education. Globally, digital skills gendergaps are growing, despite at least a decade of national and international...
girls, including sex trafficking, femicide, wartime sexual violence, gender wage gap, and other oppression tactics. UNFPA stated that, "despite many international...
Gender studies is an interdisciplinary academic field devoted to analysing gender identity and gendered representation. Gender studies originated in the...
Forum's Global GenderGap Report 2020 global human health and survival is fairly close to gender parity at 95.7%. Irregularities in gender parity in health...
research focusing on the partisan gendergap in the United States suggests that this gendergap is actually a race gap, as White women in the U.S. have...
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