Voting behavior refers to how people decide how to vote.[1] This decision is shaped by a complex interplay between an individual voter's attitudes as well as social factors.[1] Voter attitudes include characteristics such as ideological predisposition, party identity, degree of satisfaction with the existing government, public policy leanings, and feelings about a candidate's personality traits.[1] Social factors include race, religion and degree of religiosity, social and economic class, educational level, regional characteristics, and gender.[1] The degree to which a person identifies with a political party influences voting behavior,[2] as does social identity.[3] Voter decision-making is not a purely rational endeavor but rather is profoundly influenced by personal and social biases and deeply held beliefs[4] as well as characteristics such as personality, memory, emotions, and other psychological factors.[5][6] Voting advice applications[7] and avoidance of wasted votes through strategic voting[8] can impact voting behavior.
^"How Identity Shapes Voting Behavior". The University of Chicago Booth School of Business. Retrieved 2023-05-03.
^Jenke, Libby; Huettel, Scott A. (November 2016). "Issues or Identity? Cognitive Foundations of Voter Choice". Trends in Cognitive Sciences. 20 (11): 794–804. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2016.08.013. ISSN 1364-6613. PMC 5120865. PMID 27769726.
^Caplan, B. (2007). The Myth of the Rational Voter: Why Democracies Choose Bad Policies - New Edition (REV-Revised). Princeton University Press. doi:10.2307/j.ctvcm4gf2
^Healy, Andrew J.; Malhotra, Neil; Mo, Cecilia Hyunjung (2010-07-06). "Irrelevant events affect voters' evaluations of government performance". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 107 (29): 12804–12809. Bibcode:2010PNAS..10712804H. doi:10.1073/pnas.1007420107. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 2919954. PMID 20615955.
^Beck, PA, et al. (2002). The social calculus of voting: Interpersonal, media, and organizational influences on presidential choices. Am Polit Sci Rev 96 (1): 57–73.
^Garzia, Diego; Marschall, Stefan (2016). "Research on Voting Advice Applications: State of the Art and Future Directions". Policy & Internet. 8 (4): 376–390. doi:10.1002/poi3.140. hdl:1814/45127.
^Alvarez, R. Michael; Nagler, Jonathan (2000). "A New Approach for Modelling Strategic Voting in Multiparty Elections". British Journal of Political Science. 30: 57–75. doi:10.1017/S000712340000003X. S2CID 18214677.
psychological factors. Voting advice applications and avoidance of wasted votes through strategic voting can impact votingbehavior. Voter behavior is often influenced...
planned behavior has been applied to a number of research areas including health-related behaviors, environmental psychology, and votingbehavior. Several...
voted for Republican President George W. Bush. However, Hispanic Americans have the lowest voting rate in the United States, with only 47.6% voting in...
spatial (sometimes ideological or ideal-point) model of voting is a mathematical model of votingbehavior. It describes voters and candidates as varying along...
of possible voting locations, lowering the average time voters wait in line, or requiring companies to give workers some time off on voting day. A 2017...
Class voting is the relationship between social class and votingbehavior. The concept is central in political sociology, as political parties are seen...
making; behavior in ethnic violence, war and genocide; group dynamics and conflict; racist behavior; voting attitudes and motivation; voting and the role...
favorite betrayal or lesser-evil voting). Gibbard's theorem and the multiwinner Duggan–Schwartz theorem show that no voting system has a single "always-best"...
Arrow's Theorem, which states that no voting system can be fair under all circumstances due to the potential for any voting system to produce outcomes that...
socioeconomic statuses. Votingbehaviors of men have not experienced as drastic of a shift over the last fifty years as women in their votingbehavior and political...
quadratic voting seeks to address issues of the Condorcet paradox and majority rule. Quadratic voting works by allowing users to "pay" for additional votes on...
co-opt counter-elites. Democratic systems function on the premise that votingbehavior has a direct, noticeable effect on policy outcomes, and that these...
prevented from voting or were intimidated into voting for Germany, noting that in provinces such as Kozle and Olesno, a minority of voters voted for Poland...
Herd behavior is the behavior of individuals in a group acting collectively without centralized direction. Herd behavior occurs in animals in herds, packs...
Ethnic background and country of origin have determined Asian American votingbehavior in recent elections, with Indian Americans and to a lesser extent Chinese...
Kibris, Arzu. "Funerals and elections: The effects of terrorism on votingbehavior in Turkey." Journal of Conflict Resolution 55, no. 2 (2011): 220-247...
rediscovered earlier works on voting theory. Black's work also included the possibility of entirely random outcomes in a voting structure, where the only...
data on turnout for the voting-age population (VAP, all residents of voting age, including those not allowed to vote) and voting-eligible population (VEP...
The term ranked voting, also known as preferential voting or ranked-choice voting, pertains to any voting system where voters indicate a rank to order...
faithful in voting for their party's nominee for office. In the case of voting for president, since the 1970s, party identification on votingbehavior has been...
The altruism theory of voting is a model of voter behavior which states that if citizens in a democracy have "social" preferences for the welfare of others...
The American Voter, published in 1960, is a seminal study of votingbehavior in the United States, authored by Angus Campbell, Philip Converse, Warren...
voting takes a variety of forms and reflects numerous voter motivations, including political apathy. Where voting is compulsory, casting a blank vote...
are motivated to vote for competing parties in an election. The concept was developed by Donald Stokes’s critique of votingbehavior theories which Stokes...
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